Carlton Record Corporation

Text (OCR of the scan at left; may contain errors)

In the Marrer or CARLTON RECORD CORPORATION ET AL.

CONSENT ORDER, ETC., IN REGARD TO THE ALLEGED VIOLATION OF THE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION ACT Docket 7825. Complaint, Mar. 17, 1960—Decision, Aug. 18, 1960 Consent order requiring two associated New York City manufacturers of phonograph records to cease giving concealed payola to radio and television disc jockeys or other personnel of broadcasting stations to induce frequent broadcast of their records in order to increase sales. Complaint Pursuant to the provisions of the Federal Trade Commission Act, and by virtue of the authority vested in it by said Act, the Federal Trade Commission, having reason to believe that Carlton Record Corporation, a corporation; Carlton Record Distributing Corporation, a corporation, and Joseph R. Carlton, Norman Walters, and CARLTON RECORD CORPORATION ET AL. 459 458 Complaint Don Genson, individually, and as officers of said corporations, hereinafter referred to as respondents, have violated the provisions of said Act, and it appearing to the Commission that a proceeding by it in respect thereof would be in the public interest, hereby issues its complaint, stating its charges in that respect as follows: Paracrary 1. Carlton Record Corporation and Carlton Record Distributing Corporation, are corporations organized, existing and doing business under and by virtue of the laws of the State of New York, with their principal office and place of business located at 345 West 58th Street, New York, N.Y.

The respondents, Joseph R. Carlton, Norman Walters and Don Genson, are respectively, president, vice president and vice president of said corporate respondents. These individual respondents formulate, direct and control the acts and practices of the corporate respondents, including the acts and practices herein set out. The address of the individual respondents is the same as that of said corporate respondents.

Par. 2. Respondents are now, and for some time last past have been, engaged in the manufacture, distribution and sale of phonograph records to independent distributors for resale to retail outlets and jukebox operators in various States of the United States. In the course and conduct of their business, respondents now cause, and for some time last past have caused, the records they manufacture, sell and distribute to be shipped from their place of business in the State of New York to purchasers thereof located in various other States of the United States, and maintain, and at all times mentioned herein have maintained, a substantial course of trade in phonograph records in commerce, as “commerce” is defined m the Federal Trade Commission Act.

Par. 8. In the course and conduct of their business, at all times mentioned herein, respondents have been, and are now, in substantial competition, in commerce, with corporations, firms and individuals in the sale and distribution of phonograph records. Par. 4. After World War II, when television and radio stations shifted from “live” to recorded performances for much of their programming, the production, distribution and sale of phonograph records emerged as an important factor in the musical industry, with a sales volume of approximately $400,000,000 in 1958. Record manufacturing companies and distributors ascertained that popular disk jockeys could, by “exposure” or the playing of a record day after day, sometimes as high as six to ten times a day, substantially increase the sales of those records so “exposed”. Some Complaint 57 F.T.C.

record manufacturers and distributors obtained and insured the “exposure” of certain records in which they were financially interested by disbursing “payola” to individuals authorized to select and “expose” records for both radio and television programs. “Payola”, among other things, is the payment of money or other valuable consideration to disk jockeys of musical programs on radio and television stations to induce, stimulate or motivate the disk jockey to select, broadcast, “expose” and promote certain records in which the payer has a financial interest. Disk jockeys, in consideration of their receiving the payments heretofore described, either directly or by implication represent to their listening public that the records “exposed” on their broadcasts have been selected on their personal evaluation of each record’s merits or its general popularity with the public, whereas, in truth and in fact, one of the principal reasons or motivations guaranteeing the record’s “exposure” is the “payola” payoff. Par. 5. In the course and conduct of their business, in commerce, during the last several years, the respondents have engaged in unfair and deceptive acts and practices and unfair methods of competition in the following respects:

The respondents alone, or with certain unnamed record manufacturers, have negotiated for and disbursed “payola” to disk jockeys broadcasting musical programs over radio or television stations broadcasting across state lines, or to other personnel who influence the selection of the records “exposed” by the disk jockeys on such programs.

Deception is inherent in “payola” inasmuch as it involves the payment of a consideration on the express or implied understanding that the disk jockey will conceal, withhold or cauoflage such fact from the listening public.

The respondents, by participating individually or in a joint effort with certain collaborating record manufacturers, have aided and abetted the deception of the public by various disk jockeys by controlling or unduly influencing the “exposure” of records by disk jockeys with the payment of money or other consideration to them, or to other personnel which select or participate in the selection of the records used on such broadcasts.

Thus, “payola” is used by the respondents to mislead the public into believing that the records “exposed” were the independent and unbiased selections of the disk jockeys based either on each record’s merit or public popularity. This deception of the public has the capacity and tendency ‘to cause the public to purchase the “ex- CARLTON RECORD CORPORATION ET AL. 461 458 Decision posed” records which they otherwise might not have purchased and, also, to enhance the popularity of the “exposed” records in various popularity polls, which in turn has the capacity and tendency to substantially increase the sales of the “exposed” records. - Par. 6. The aforesaid acts, practices and methods have the capacity and tendency to mislead and deceive the public, and to hinder, restrain and suppress competition in the manufacture, sale and distribution of phonograph records, and to divert trade unfairly to — the respondents from their competitors, and substantial injury has thereby been done and may continue to be done to competition in commerce.

Par. 7. The aforesaid acts and practices of respondents, as alleged herein, were and are all to the prejudice and injury of the public and of respondents’ competitors and constitute unfair and deceptive acts and practices and unfair methods of competition in commerce within the intent and meaning of the Federal Trade Commission Act.

Mr. John T. Walker and Mr. James H. Kelley for the Commission. Mr. Benjamin Starr, of New York, N.Y., for respondents. InirtaL Decision By J. Earn Cox, Hearrnc Examiner The complaint charges respondents, who are engaged in the manufacture, distribution and sale of phonograph records to independent distributors for resale to retail outlets and jukebox operators in various States of the United States, with violation of the Federal Trade Commission Act, in that respondents, alone or with certain unnamed record manufacturers, have negotiated for and disbursed “payola”, ie., the payment of money or other valuable consideration to disk jockeys of musical programs on radio and television stations, to induce, stimulate or motivate the disk jockeys to select, broadcast, “expose” and promote certain records, in which respondents are financially interested, on the express or implied understanding that the disk jockeys will conceal, withhold or camouflage the fact of such payment from the listening public. After the issuance of the complaint, respondents, their counsel, and counsel supporting the complaint entered into an agreement containing consent order to cease and desist, which was approved by the Director, Associate Director and Assistant Director of the Commission’s Bureau of Litigation, and thereafter transmitted to the hearing examiner for consideration.

462 FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION’ DECISIONS Order 57 FTC.

The agreement states that respondents Carlton Record Corporation and Carlton Record Distributing Corporation, are corporations organized, existing and doing business under and by virtue of the laws of the State of New York, with their principal office and place of business located at 845 West 58th Street, New York, N.Y.; that respondents Joseph R. Carlton, Norman J. Walter (erroneously named in the complaint as Norman Walters), and Don Genson are, respectively, president, vice president and vice president of said corporate respondents; that these individual respondents formulate, direct and control the acts and practices of the corporate respondents; and that the address of the individual respondents is the same as that of said corporate respondents. The agreement provides, among other things, that respondents admit. all the jurisdictional facts alleged in the complaint, and agree that the record may be taken as if findings of jurisdictional facts had been duly made in accordance with such allegations; that the record on which the initial decision and the decision of the Commission shall be based shall consist solely of the complaint and this agreement; that the agreement shall not become a part of the official record unless and until it becomes a part of the decision of the Commission; that the complaint may be used in construing the terms of the order agreed upon, which may be altered, modified or set. aside in the manner provided for other orders; that the agreement is for settlement purposes only and does not constitute an admission by respondents that they have violated the law as alleged in the complaint; and that the order set forth in the agreement and hereinafter included in this decision shal] have the same force and effect. as if entered after a full hearing. Respondents waive any further procedural steps before the hearing examiner and the Commission, the making of findings of fact or conclusions of Jaw, and all of the rights they may have to challenge or contest the validity of the order to cease and desist entered in accordance with the agreement.

The order agreed upon fully disposes. of all the issues raised in the complaint, and adequately prohibits the acts and practices charged therein, as being in violation of the Federal Trade Commission Act. Accordingly, the hearing examiner finds this proceeding to be in the public interest, and accepts the agreement containing consent order to cease and desist as part of the record upon which this decision is based. Therefore, It is ordered, That Carlton Record Corporation, a corporation; Carlton Record Distributing Corporation, a corporation, and their officers, and Joseph R. Carlton, Norman J. Walter, and Don Genson, CARLTON RECORD CORPORATION ET AL. 463 458 Decision individually, and as officers of said corporations, and respondents’ agents, representatives and employees, directly or through any corporate or other device, in connection with phonograph records which have been distributed in commerce, or which are used by radio or television stations in broadcasting programs in commerce, as “commerce” is defined in the Federal Trade Commission Act, do forthwith cease and desist from:

(1) Giving or offering to give, without requiring public disclosure, any sum of money or other material consideration, to any person, directly or indirectly, to induce that person to select, or participate in the selection of, and the broadcasting of, any such records in which respondents, or any of them, have a financial interest of any nature;

(2) Giving or offering to give, without requiring public disclosure, any sum of money, or other material consideration, to any person, directly or indirectly, as an inducement to influence any employee of a radio or television broadcasting station, or any other person, in any manner, to select, or participate in the selection of, and the broadcasting of, any such records in which respondents, or any of them, have a financial interest of any nature. There shall be “public disclosure” within the meaning of this order, by any employee of a radio or television broadcasting station, or any other person, who selects or participates in the selection and broadcasting of a record when he shall disclose, or cause to have disclosed, to the listening public at the time the record is played, that his selection and broadcasting of such record are in consideration for compensation of some nature, directly or indirectly received by him or his employer.

DECISION OF THE COMMISSION AND ORDER TO FILE REPORT OF COMPLIANCE Pursuant to Section 3.21 of the Commission’s Rules of Practice, the initial decision of the hearing examiner did, on the 18th day of August 1960, become the decision of the Commission; and, accordingly :

It is ordered, That respondents Carlton Record Corporation, a corporation; Carlton Record Distributing Corporation, a corporation, and Joseph R. Carlton and Norman J. Walter (erroneously named in the complaint as Norman Walters), and Don Genson, individually and as officers of said corporation, shall, within sixty (60) days after service upon them of this order, file with the Commission a report in writing, setting forth in detail the manner and form in which they have complied with the order to cease and desist. Complaint 57 FTC.