Standard Brands Incorporated

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In THE MATTER OF ' STANDARD BRANDS INCORPORATED REPORT OF THE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION UPON ITS INVESTIGATION OF ALLEGED VIOLATIONS OF ITS ORDER TO CEASE AND DESIST Docket No. 2986. January 10, 1950 THE PROCEEDINGS ‘On December 80, 1946, the Commission directed that an investigation ‘be conducted for the purpose of determining (1) whether respondents, Standard Brands Incorporated and Standard Brands of California, had violated an order to cease and desist issued against them on June 15, 1939, and (2) whether said respondents were selling or contracting to sell bakers’ yeast at prices which were unreasonably low for the purpose of destroying or eliminating a competitor. A trial examiner of the Commission was duly designated to preside at hearings to be ‘conducted for such purposes. Said trial examiner was empowered with all the functions and duties of a trial examiner as provided by the Commission’s Rules of Practice in the same manner as though the hearings were to be conducted pursuant to formal complaint. Acting upon respondents’ motion of January 6, 1947, the Commission, on January 17, 1947, ordered that further action be deferred as to item (2) above, and thereafter, by order duly entered herein, rescinded its order of December 30, 1946, as to said item so that it is not herein ‘considered.

Pursuant to, and in accordance with, the foregoing, hearings were held at which evidence was adduced and received before said trial éexaminer in various cities during eight months of 1947, and the reception of evidence was terminated on January 6, 1948. On January 9, 1948, the Commission directed the trial examiner to report to it his findings as to whether or not the evidence adduced was sufficient to justify a petition to the United States Circuit Court of Appeals to affirm and enforce the order to cease and desist herein. Subsequently, counsel supporting the contentions that the order to cease and desist had been violated and counsel for the respondents each filed proposed findings and conclusions, and the trial examiner thereafter submitted his report as directed, to which exceptions were filed by opposing counsel, each of whom also filed briefs and presented oral argument before the Commission in support of their contentions. The Commission has duly considered the evidence adduced during the investigation herein, the report of the trial examiner and each of the exceptions thereto, briefs and oral argument of opposing counsel, and the record herein, and being now fully advised in the premises, makes this its report upon the investigation of the alleged violations of the order to cease and desist.

THe ORDER The order to cease and desist, issued June 15, 1939, prohibits respondents from discriminating in price between different purchasers of bakers’ yeast of like grade and quality sold in interstate commerce or in the District of Columbia, (1) By selling said bakers’ yeast at different prices based upon the total quantity or volume purchased or required monthly by the re- | spective purchasers, as set forth in Schedule A of Paragraph Ten of said findings of fact;

(2) By selling said bakers’ yeast at different prices based upon the total quantity or volume purchased (whether from the respondents cr from any other source) over a period of time by the respective purchasers, where the effect of such discrimination may be substantially to lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly in any line of commerce in which respondents or any of their customers are engaged, or to injure, destroy or prevent competition with respondents cr any of their customers, except where said differentials in price, based upon the quantities or volume purchased from the respondents during such period of time by said respective purchasers, make only due allowance for differences in the cost of manufacture, sale or delivery resulting from the differing methods or quantities in which such bakers’ yeast is to such purchasers sold or delivered during the period of time for which such differentials are allowed; (3) By means of price differences resulting from selling said bakers’ yeast to a single purchaser at prices based upon the total quan’ tity or volume purchased (whether from the respondents or from any other source) during a period of time by such purchaser, irrespective of the quantities or volume delivered by the respondents to the separate plants, factories, bakeries, or warehouses of such purchaser, where the effect of such discrimination may be substantially to lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly in any line of commerce in which respondents or any of their customers are engaged, or to injure, destroy or prevent competition with respondents or any of their customers, except where said differentials in price make only due allowance for differences in the cost of manufacture, sale or delivery result- STANDARD BRANDS INCORPORATED 1487 ing from the differing methods or quantities in which said bakers’ yeast is to such purchasers sold or delivered; , (4) By selling said bakers’ yeast to certain of such purchasers at so-called “off-scale” prices as described in paragraph 12 of said findings of fact, even though the differentials in price of any given price scale make only due allowance for differences in the cost of manufacture, sale or delivery resulting from the differing methods or quantities in which said bakers’ yeast is to such purchasers sold or delivered during the period of time for which such differentials in price are allowed.

, Revort oN THE Facts Paracraru 1. Respondent Standard Brands of California was dis- | solved on December 31, 1942, and its business has subsequently been carried on by Standard Brands, Inc., so that for the purposes of this proceeding only the pricing practices of the latter are considered. Paragraph 1 of the order is not involved in this proceeding, since re- _spondent discontinued the use of the price schedule identified therein on May 1, 1940.

Par. 2. On May 1, 1940, respondent filed a report of the manner and form in which it stated it was complying with the order of June 15, 1939, which, among other things, contained four price scales which respondent adopted and made effective for pound yeast on the same date in the several areas in which it was selling said product. The scale for the eastern and central portions of the United States (scale A) was as follows:

Price per Bracket No. Monthly purchases in pounds pound (cents) 1. 1-99___-_. 21 2. - 100-249_..------ 22 18 ee 250-449 16 4 450-699 15 622 nan none no e n en nnn nn ee eee 700-999. .-.-- 14 6..---- 1,000-1,399. 1344 7. -| 1,400-1,899___. -- 13 8... 1,900-2,499.__.---.------- eee 1216 9. wee nen ee eee e eee eee 2,500 and up_._-..---.----.-.--------- 12 The three additional scales (B, C, and D) adopted for sales in other areas, were identical with scale A except that they established per pound prices which were higher by 1, 2, and 8 cents, respectively. On August 1, 1944, respondent made certain adjustments in the areas in which the aforesaid price scales were effective. A portion of the area formerly covered by scale B was included in the territory covered by scale A. All the area formerly covered by scale C was included in the territory covered by scale B, while the area covered by scale D remained unchanged. The use of scale C was discontinued. Thus, a price reduction of 1 cent per pound was effected in all that 1488 FEDERAL TRADE. COMMISSION DECISIONS area included in the territory covered by another scale in which the prices had been lower by this amount.

Par. 3. (a) On January 2, 1945, respondent adopted and put into effect revised price scales whereby it lowered its prices for pound yeast in all areas. The new scale A, effective throughout the United States except for certain Rocky Mountain, southeastern, and southwestern territories, was as follows:

Price per Bracket No. Monthly purchases in pounds pound ; (cents) 1~49__ 20 50-99. 18 100-44! 15.

450-999 __ 13.

1,000-1,899__. 12:

1,900-2,499. .. 1% 2,500 and up.....--------.------------ it Two additional scales (B and D). adopted for sales in other areas of the United States and Alaska, respectively, were identical with scale A except that they established per pound prices which were higher by 1 and 3 cents, respectively. These three price scales remained in effect until March 24, 1947.

(6) For comparative purposes, respondent’s scale of prices-in each bracket in effect in zone A before and after January 2, 1945, is set out in the following table:

A A Difference Pounds per month Old price | New price in price 1-49_____. 2-2-2 eee eee ee en ene een eee eee eee $0. 21 $0. 20 $0.01 50-99-_ 21 18 03 100-249... 18 15 03 250-449. _. 16 «15 ol 450-699... 15 13 02 700-€99-____. - 14 .18 01 1,000-1,399-. 1346 12 01% 1,400-1,899 . 18 12. Ol 1,900-2,499_ 12% «1146 01 2,500 and up-_ 12 ll 01 (c) The secretary and general counsel of respondent addressed a letter to the Commission on December 22, 1944, in which he explained that the price scales of January 2, 1945, were being adopted— Because of the expanded total volume in our business, this corporation has: been able to effect certain operating economies, and is now in a position to pass: certain resulting savings on to its customers by a reduction of at least 1 cent per pound for baker’s yeast in every case, and by a greater reduction in certain instances. We have been able to consolidate some of the price brackets, and have added a new bracket of from 1 to 49 pounds, reducing the total number: of brackets from nine to seven.

In addition to being able to effect general price decreases, as mentioned above,. we have been able to include the areas in Michigan which were formerly sold at: prices specified in exhibit II in the prices charged in areas embraced in exhibit I. 1489:

STANDARD BRANDS INCORPORATED We have also been able to change the prices charged in Key West, Fla., from those specified in exhibit IV, by reducing them to prices specified in exhibit II. * * * Par. 4. (a) From 1941 to 1945, inclusive, respondent was engaged in competition with ten firms also engaged in the manufacture and sale of bakers’ yeast. <A list of these, together with a description of the area in which each sold, is as follows: Company Anheuser-Busch, St. Louis, Mo_-------- National Grain Yeast Corp. (now National Yeast Corp.), Belleville, N. J.

Red Star Yeast Co., Milwaukee, Wis__- Federal Yeast Corp., Baltimore, Md___ Peerless Yeast Co., San Francisco, Calif.

(Yeast Division of Acme Brewing Co.).

Consumers Yeast Co., San Francisco, Calif.

Capital Yeast Co., Mass.

Atlantic Yeast Co., New York City_--__ West Brookfield, Calumet Yeast & Grain Products Co., Chicago, Ill.

A. M. Richter Sons Co., Manitowoc, Wis.

Sales area East of the Rocky Mountains.

From Richmond, Va., north to Maine and west to Omaha, Nebr.

Central United States, west to Salt Lake City, Utah, south to Texas and New Orleans and east to Philadelphia not including Southeastern and New England States.

Eastern seaboard from Massachusetts south to Washington, D. C., including Pennsylvania and Ohio.

West coast and Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and Idaho.

Washington, Oregon, and California.

New Hampshire, Connecticut.

Massachusetts, and New York metropolitan area.

Chicago, Ill., and Gary and South Bend, Ind.

Green Bay, Wis., to Chicago, Ill., and west to Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minn. :

These companies are hereinafter sometimes referred to respectively as follows:

Anheuser-Busch or AB;

National Grain or NG;

Red Star or RS;

Federal or Fed;

Feerless or Pris;

Consumers or Cons;

Capital or Cap;

Atlantic or Atl;

Calumet or Cal;

Richter or Ric;

“and respondent as Standard Brands or SB.

(6) The annual sales of pound or bakers’ yeast by respondent and these competitors for the years 1941 through 1945 and the percentage of the total sales made by each were as follows: PEGI SB OLS aq 0} POTANSSE 917UB]}V 10] O1NBY GFE] “P1ODOA UI] JOU So[eS JUITUTIBAOH) JO OAISNJOXO SONI “SOLES [TV + “PHOT Ul SB OMES OI] Q1OM JUDUIUIOAOD 03 Says UO[}duINsse UO ainst payeuryysy ¢ JUOTIUIOAOD *S “f dy} 07 So[es OpNfoxo sain3g ‘p pu g Sa}0U400} Uy pazvoIpUI sv ydooxg z “JUDTUWIDAOD “g§ “f OY1} 07 Sayes OpNOUT {PET PUL THEIR 10J SOANSLT y £26 ‘TE ‘91% 896 ‘86F ‘soz BEE ‘HES ‘ZOZ 992 ‘OTZ ‘20% 906 ‘289 ‘Z6T is 282 ‘108 1’ FS ‘812 a" $26 ‘10S e° O6T ‘029 e° ia T8b ‘926 » a" BEE ‘BLE + a" 199 ‘62> + a" FOL “LEF z° ae 000‘0g9 ‘5 =| BT 000‘089'% 5 | L°T 000 ‘ose ‘ey | 6'T 000 ‘006 ‘g ia It 820 ‘LTb SC tt 86r ‘961 3 8° 320 ‘902 ‘T UT 028 ‘oot % im St 198 ‘268 ‘E oT 8PL ‘SE0 ‘E oT 988 ‘60¢ ‘2 (aaa 699 ‘ZSb ‘% ims o% 108 ‘968 ‘¢ £3 689 ‘802 ‘F 2% 6b. ‘829 ‘b €@ 288 ‘299 ‘Fb 81 98 PEE ‘E89 ‘2 ve PPS 610 ‘2 oe Sh ‘21052 bP 281 ‘P88 ‘8 6% 8h 626 ‘128 ‘OT oF 689 ‘bZb ‘6 oF 6E8 ‘LLP 8 aa ZIG ‘296 ‘8 £% 96 695 ‘FEL ‘OZ e | 9°6 Tre ‘she ‘6r | $6 ILI ‘696 ‘6T | $ OT PSS '218 ‘TS | € OL 6°21 H9E ‘9EL ‘BE 0st 28% ‘596 ‘98 0 ‘61 098 ‘822 ‘8 LLt $68 ‘918 ‘SE TL1 929 SLP ‘IGP ‘FZ | 6°29 9€8 ‘690 ‘GIT | 9°Zg OIL ‘SIb ‘OTT | 0°99 988 ‘6h ‘EIT | F729 qui0lig spunogd PULSELES @ Sspunod ad lit Spunodg WUA~LIT SpUunvodg qua0LIg Sspunodg 2 SPOT 2 POT z &P6r 1 O61 1 IP6T Auedmop STANDARD BRANDS INCORPORATED 1491 (c) Except for sales made by Calumet, Atlantic, and Capital, the following table provides a comparison of prices existing between respondent and its competitors on pound or bakers’ yeast in zone A for the period from May 1, 1940, to the end of 1944: Monthly purchases in pounds SB AB NG RS Fed Ric $0. 20 $0.18 $0. 20 $0. 20 $0. 18 18 16 18 18 17 18 16 «18 16 16 16 15 -16 15 15 15 14 415 14 14 15 14 «15 14 14 14 13 14 13 13 14 13 14 13 13 14 13 135 13 13 135 125 13 125 125 13 125 13 125 125 13 12 125 12 12 125 12 2125 12 12 125 12 .12 12 12 12 115 12 115 116 12 115 1.15 115 115 12 115 1.115 115 ll 12 11 1.11 ll ll 1 Effective Apr. 6, 1944.

(d) The following table supplies a similar comparison with Pacific coast competitors from May 1, 1940, to August 1, 1944: Monthly purchases Standard Consumers{ Peerless 1-99 pounds..- $0. 22 $0. 22 $0. 22 100-249 pounds 19 .19 19 250-449 pounds 17 17 17 450-699 pounds 16 -16 16 700-999 pounds..--- 15 15 15 1,000-1,399 pounds_ 145 «145 145 1,400-1,899 pounds- -_- 14 .14 14 1,900-2,499 pounds. _- 135 135 135 2,500 pounds and over 13 13 13 On August 1, 1944, the foregoing prices were changed as follows: Monthly purchases Standard Consumers| Peerless 1-99 pounds._-_.------------------ ee nen nen en eee eee eee $0. 21 $0. 21 $0. 21 100-249 pounds... . 18 -18 18 250-449 pounds-. 16 16 16 450-699 pounds-- 15 15 15 700-999 pounds... 14 .14 14 1,000-1,399 pounds. 135 135 135 1,400-1,899 pounds--.. 13 13 13 1,900-2,499 pounds. .- 125 125 125 2,500-2,999 pounds..-_----------- «12 +12 12 3,000 pounds and over 12 12 115 During the period from May 1, 1940, to the end of 1944, Consumers, in two or three instances, made sales at 11 cents per pound for quantities in excess of 2,500 pounds per month. On April 6, 1944, Red Star Yeast Company reduced its prices by one-half cent per pound on quantities of 3,000 pounds to 4,000 pounds and one cent per pound 854002—52——-97 on quantities of 4,000 pounds and up. There were no other changes in price schedules during the year by respondent or any of its competitors in the territory covered by scale A. It was not until the respondent, on January 2, 1945, issued its new price list, hereinbefore mentioned, in which it reduced the price in all of its brackets, that competitors, such as Anheuser-Busch, National Grain, and Federal, reduced their prices, and then Red Star again reduced its price to meet the further reduction by respondent and the other competitors. Par. 5. (a) At the time respondent adopted its price scales of January 2, 1945, its officials had knowledge of its relative position in the industry, as well as the relative position of each of its major competitors. They had knowledge of the prices at which most competitors were selling bakers’ yeast. A number of said officials testified that price was the dominant factor in the sale of yeast, that the aforesaid price scales were adopted and made effective because respondent had suffered major losses in its business and was threatened with additional losses because of the lower price of competitors, and that the adoption of said price scales was necessary in order for it to maintain its position in the industry.

(0) The evidence of record clearly discloses that during the years: 1941 through 1944, inclusive, respondent consistently sold bakers’ yeast at prices higher than those in effect with most of its competitors. and that during said period its volume of sales in bakers’ yeast was slightly in’ excess of 57 percent of the total sales of said product throughout the United States. In fact, its volume of sales in 1944 exceeded its sales made in any of the three previous years by more than 214 million pounds, and in the same year it slightly increased its percentage of-sales in relation to the total sales of all competitors. It is equally clear that the general reduction in prices and those price reductions and differentials effected through the revision of total monthly purchase requirements adopted by the price scale of January 2, 1945, were not made for the purpose of meeting equally low prices of competitors. A comparison of respondent’s prices thereby made effective in zone A with those of competitors in the same area discloses that in at least 48 instances respondent reduced its prices one-half to 8 cents per pound below those of competitors, while in many other instances its prices, which had previously been higher, were brought to the same level. Respondent conducted no cost study, either before the adoption of said price scales or during the period in which they were effective, to determine if the differentials in price based on different volume purchase requirements therein set out made only due allowance for differences in the cost of manufacture, sale, or delivery resulting from the differing methods or quantities in which its bakers’ yeast was sold or delivered to purchasers during the period in which said differentials were allowed.

STANDARD BRANDS INCORPORATED 1493 (c) Asa result of respondent’s change in prices on January 2,.1945, | three of its competitors, namely, Anheuser-Busch, Consumers, and Peerless, were obliged to lower their bakers’ yeast prices in every bracket, while all remaining competitors found it necessary to reduce their prices in some brackets. Some competitors showed an operating loss, while others sustained material reductions in profit. Practically all competitors were compelled to curtail their operations by reducing. the number of their delivery routes, by reducing the number of customers served or otherwise, and one competitor discontinued its bakers’ yeast business as an indirect result of respondent’s adoption of said price scales.

.(@) From the for egoing, the Commission finds that from January 2, 1945, to March 24, 1947, respondent, in the offering for sale, sale and distribution of bakers’ yeast of like grade and quality in interstate commerce, discriminated in price between different purchasers by selling said yeast at different prices based upon the total quantity or volume purchased monthly by the respective purchasers; that the effect of said discriminations in price was, and has been, to substantially lessen competition in the line of commerce in which respondent has been, and is engaged, and to injure, destroy, or prevent competition with respondent; that said price discriminations were not made in good faith to meet equally low prices of competitors; and that respondent made no cost study to determine if said differentials in price made only due allowance for differences in the cost of manufacture, sale, or delivery resulting from the differing methods or quantities in which said bakers’ yeast was sold or delivered. Par. 6. During approximately 7 months of 1945 respondent sold bakers’ yeast to Pucillio Brothers, Inc., Boston, Mass., and delivered a portion thereof to this firm and the balance to the nearby Lagrassa Bakery. The total amount delivered to both each month was billed to Pucillio at the scale price which prevailed on the combined amount, thus resulting in a lower price to Pucillio than if it had taken delivery only in amounts sufficient to meet its requirements. The record shows that this arrangement was made by a local representative of respondent and was terminated by a higher official when brought to his attention. Having found that sales at the regular scale of prices prevailing during this period resulted in unjustified price discriminations, the Commission finds that the sale of bakers’ yeast as described in this paragraph resulted in greater discriminations than those previously set forth and that the effects of such discriminations are substantially as stated in paragraph 5 above.

Par. 7. (a@) The record contains details of the accounts of 242 customers of respondent which were introduced as evidence tending to show violations of paragraph 4 of the order to cease and desist. It appears that in 15 of these sales were made in accordance with the scale prices, while in 226 sales were made at prices which were below those established by respondent’s scale of prices in existence between January 2, 1945, and March 1946 for the volume of monthly purchases by respective customers involved. Sales made below scale prices fall in two categories: (1) Those where the customer purchased a portion of his monthly requirements from respondent and a portion from competitors and the price granted him by respondent was based upon the customer’s total purchases in accordance with the respondent’s established scale of prices just as though the customer’s entire monthly purchases had been made from respondent, and (2) those in which the customer purchased his total monthly requirements from respondent but was granted a price below that required by respondent’s established price for his particular monthly volume of purchases. The majority of sales made by respondent at prices below its established scale of prices falls in the first category. (6) Most of the 226 accounts to which sales were made at prices below those established by respondent’s scale of prices involved transactions with small and medium-sized bakers in which sales were made by respondent’s sales representatives in accordance with its instructions. It was this class of customer which was given the greatest advantage by respondent’s price scales of January 2, 1945, and which had previously been purchasing bakers’ yeast from respondent at prices in excess of those paid competitors. Respondent’s sales representatives were in effect instructed to exercise their best efforts to sell at scale prices when possible and to deviate therefrom only where, and to the extent, they found it necessary to do so in order to protect respondent’s business or get new business and to permit such price deviation only to the extent of meeting the low price of a competitor. The evidence of record discloses that these instructions were substantially carried out.

However, said instructions were initially deficient in two respects and therefore ineffective in preventing sales at prices which deviate from respondent’s scale prices only to the extent of meeting equally low prices of competitors. Respondent failed to advise said representatives as to what low price of a competitor was to be met or to define said low price and permitted them to consider the entire monthly requirements of a customer to be used as a basis for determining the price to be quoted and used in meeting the undefined low price of a competitor regardless of the monthly quantity actually purchased from respondent. The record discloses numerous instances in which respondent quoted and sold bakers’ yeast not only at prices below its established scale prices but below the prices of competitors, particularly when the monthly volume purchased by the customer is taken ‘into consideration and used as a basis for determining price. In such instances the low price of a competitor was for a monthly quantity of STANDARD BRANDS INCORPORATED 1495 yeast far in excess of that sold said customer by the respondent. In other instances, where respondent was already supplying the total monthly requirements of a customer it reduced prices below its scale for such requirements. In these instances its representatives were advised by the buyer of unconfirmed price quotations of competitors, and in others neither respondent nor its representatives had any knowledge of the competitive price quotations or even the name of the alleged potential competitor.

(c) For more than 9 years prior to January 2, 1945, respondent consistently sold bakers’ yeast at prices higher than those of most of its competitors and yet retained more than 57 percent of the total volume of said yeast sold throughout the United States. A competitive situation or condition was thus established under which most competitors of respondent could normally expect to sell and did sell bakers’ yeast at prices slightly below those of respondent. Also, buyers normally expected to purchase, and did purchase, said product from respondent at prices slightly in excess of those paid most of its competitors. Under these conditions it was unnecessary for respondent to meet or match exactly a lower price of a competitor in order to retain business or to get new business. By adoption of its price scales of January 2, 1945, respondent overturned the conditions of 9 years’ standing and initiated discriminatory prices in many instances lower than the prices of its competitors and thereby forced them to lower their prices to an extent which threatened their ability to survive. By thereafter selling below the prices thus established, in some instances, respondent in fact put into effect still larger price differentials resulting in still broader discriminations than those found to exist under said price scale. In view of the foregoing the Commission is of the opinion that the respondent did not in good faith meet the equally low prices of competitors after January 1945 but abandoned its former policy of making higher prices than its competitors for one of underselling them on a discriminatory basis. CoNncLUSION From the foregoing, the Commission concludes that in the sale of bakers’ yeast in interstate commerce between January 2, 1945, and March 24, 1947, respondent has violated paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of the order to cease and desist issued June 15, 1989. Commissioner Mason not concurring.

TRADE PRACTICE CONFERENCE SUMMARY During the period covered by this volume, namely, from July 1, 1949, to June 30, 1950, trade practice rules were promulgated for nine industries, and revised for a tenth, under the Commission’s trade practice conference procedure, which was established by the Commission to protect the public from the harmful effects of such unfair practices as false, misleading advertising and other forms of distribution, and is designed to bring about law observance on an industry-wide basis through the cooperative establishment and maintenance of rules designed to prevent unfair trade practices. As pointed out by the Commission in its 1950 Annual Report, the procedure is utilized by the Commission, along with its voluntary individual stipulation-agreements or procedures to encourage widespread observance of the law by enlisting the cooperation of members of industries and informing them more fully of the requirements of the law, so that wherever consistently possible the Commission may avoid the need for adversary proceedings against persons who through misunderstanding or carelessness, may violate the law unintentionally, and the objective is to utilize the best thought and voluntary cooperation of all concerned in establishing rules reflecting the requirements of law and a high standard of ethics.

Such industries, and rules applicable thereto, as thus promulgated, include:

The Venetian blind industry, the members of which are engaged in the manufacture, assembly, sale, or distribution of venetian blinds or -parts or. accessories for them, with aggregate annual retail sales of blinds approximating $200,000,000, and in which the rules include a definition of what may properly be termed a venetian blind, prohibit misuse of the term, and of such significant terms as “custom built,” “made to order,” and “removable slats” in describing such blinds, and proscribe various deceptive pricing schemes and unfair methods. The Peat industry, in which business of the industry is the marketing of peat products represented as suitable for any agricultural or horticultural soil conditioning or soil improvement purpose, for use as poultry or stable litter, or for similar uses, and in which the rules ban various unfair methods and deceptive practices and afford in- 1Copies of the full trade practice conference rules, as promulgated for the different industries, and other specific information with respect to the Commission’s Trade Practice Conference work, which is described in the Commission’s Annual Report, may be had on application to the Commission.

TRADE PRACTICE CONFERENCE SUMMARY 1497 ‘dustry members guidance as to the proper use of terms such as “peat . moss” and “moss peat.”

The Fountain pen and mechanical pencil industry, the members of which are engaged in manufacturing and marketing fountain pens, ball point pens, dip pens, mechanical pencils, and parts of such products, with annual sales, at retail, aggregating $250,000,000 and in which rules are directed to the elimination and prevention of various types of unfair trade practices offer a yardstick to industry members in curbing misleading advertising and cover specifically the false use -of the terms “Iridium tipped” and “Osmiridium tipped,” and also ‘deal with deceptive practices with respect to gold content. The Wholesale optical industry, the members of which sell corrective eye glasses or lenses, with or without processing, and eye glasses, frames, mountings, parts or accessories, the total volume of business of which is about $147,000,000 and in which the rules promulgated, upon application from the industry, are concerned with clarifying the interpretations of section 2 of the Clayton Act, as amended, and cover also certain unfair methods and practices such as misrepresentation, misuse of the terms “close-outs” and “discontinued lines,” transactions below cost, commercial bribery and inducing breach of ‘contracts ;

The Mail-order insurance industry, in which the rules are designed primarily to eliminate and prevent deceptive sales-promotional practices and advertising, in interstate commerce, and include such subjects as misuse of such terms as “full coverage” and “hospitalization”; deceptive concealment of exceptions contained in the policy; misuse of the word “all” as applied to benefits; confusing use of duplicate names for the same disease; time limitations not fully disclosed ; deceptive testimonials; and misrepresentations that policies are espe- -cially advantageous to a special group;

The Shoe finders industry, including wholesalers of leather and rubber shoe repair materials and other products used in the repair, servicing, and preservation of shoes and similar footwear, with sales ‘amounting, in 1948, to about $100,000,000, and in which the rules are ‘designed to correct such unfair practices as illegal price discrimination, misrepresentation of quality grading, defamation of competitors, -commercial bribery, and coercing purchase of one product as a prerequisite to the purchase of other products; The Candy manufacturing industry, involving all products of the industry, excluding solid or molded chocolate products (for which a separate set of rules is under consideration) with total sales, at whole- -sale, in 1948, in excess of $900,000,000 and in which the rules are di- ‘rected at the correction of such specific abuses as misuse of the word “free,” tie-in sales, false advertising, price discrimination, and the use of lottery schemes ;

The Fine and wrapping paper distributing industry, held upon industry application, in which the members are engaged in selling at wholesale or distributing fine and wrapping paper products, including writing paper, envelopes and paper boards, and in which the group I rules are directed against the prohibition of various forms of deception and unfair methods, and eight group II rules are directed to fostering sound business methods and the promotion of fair competition;

The Tie fabrics industry, held upon application of industry members, including converters who produce fabrics used in the manufacture of men’s neckwear, and in which the rules proscribe various forms of misrepresentation as to fiber content, color fastness, foreign origin of fabric or design, and other unfair practices; The Umbrella industry, having to do with the manufacture, assembly, sale and distribution of various kinds and types of such products and parasols, in which the rules as promulgated on March 9, 1940, were revised to include additional rules relating to misuse of the word “free,” selling below cost, combination or coercion to fix prices, suppress competition, or restrain trade, fictitious or deceptive pricing, and guaranties and warranties, together with numerous other changes clarifying applicable requirements of laws administered by the Commission.

TABLE OF COMMODITIES! DECISIONS AND ORDERS . Page Acetate-rayon lining materials_._............-__--_------------------- 1189 “Acina Lotion” cosmetic preparation___._.._...__..____--.----------- 821 “Actane Compound Solution”_._.______--__.---- 2 eee eee 1149 “‘Ad-Seal-It”” waxed paper bands for bread wrapping._..........-_--_-- 193 “Alkali-Trap” water softener_...._.-._./__.-....----------------- ee 1092 Alloys, dental.....-._.-- -2-2- eee eee eee eee 482 “Alumna-Kote” screen wire_.._.__.-.---._------------------- eee 568 ‘“‘Americana” Encyclopedia__.___.....___--------------------------- 253 “Amuno” fabric treatment_____._......-._..---.-------------------- 1111 Anti-freeze preparations for auto radiators___..__._._....--..-.-------- 47,49 Appliances, dental_.-..__.-...._------------ eee 482 Aqueous arsenic mothproof preparation._.____..._.___-.--.-----_----- 1131 “A, R. F. 501” medicinal preparation___........__------------ nee eee 558 “‘Arrid” deodorant cosmetic___......___-_--_-.---.----------- ee 64 Asbestos and asphalt roofing.___.........--....-_____-----_------ ee 379 Automotive ignition system parts....__....__..-_-.-------------_---- 553 “Babiglo Castile’ soap...._.._....----..------------ eee eee 361 “Beautiderm’”’ depilatory_._.......__..-_--_---__---_--.-------- ee 1144 ‘Beechnut” cigarettes__...__._.-.-.--.----------_--------- eee 735, 853 Beetle preventive product for fabrics._............_.----------------- 1111 “Berlou Guaranteed Mothproof” preparation. ._......_..-_----------- 1131 Billfolds, ‘‘Genuine leather’..__........_.---_.----------------------- 367 Billfolds, “leather” ________.___..___2-2 2 ----------- 682 Blankets..._-_..___-.----_--- ee eee eee 367, 1078, 1135 Books______-..------------------ eee eee eee 542 “B. Paul’s Compound”.___.__-.-_._._----- 22 eee eee 936 Brass steel____.__----------------------- eee eee eee 1032 Breaker arms and adjustable contacts for automotive motors____.-_.---- 553 Brick, fire......-..__------ 2. eee eee eee eee eee 82 Calcium chloride anti-freeze preparations__.___........----.----------- 47, 49 Camel cigarettes___.-__.-...._------_.--2--- eee eee 706 Cameras, ‘“‘color’________..._..-.----------_---------------- eee eee 682 Candy_....--_-.------ ee eee eee ene 861, 1041, 1061, 1063 Canned food products....._._...-.--...---------- eee eee 437, 467, 967 Canvas footwear. ._.-.._-__.------_----_--e bee eee eee eee 998, 1015 “Carrot Tabs” drug preparation______.....________-_-_-_-_--- eee 579 Casings, “natural” frankfurter__.___._._______-_-__----------------- 90 “Castile soap, olive oil”_.._.___..--.__-_____ eee 361 “Celanese” _____.-.---------------------- + eee 1170 “Cello-Nu” paint products_._........-.-_..-------------------------- 279 “Cello-Nu-Products”__.._...0--------- eee eee eee eee 296 “Cello-Plastic’”’ paint products___._.____-..------------------------- 263 1 Commodities involved in dismissing or vacating orders are indicated by italicizing the page reference. For table of commodities in stipulations embraced in instant volume, see p. 1504. DECISIONS AND ORDERS Page Cellulose acetate rayon fabries___-.--------------------------------- 1170 Cement, dental._.------------------------------------------------- 482 Chairs, dental..-.-_.------------------------------------- eee 482 Chamois skins, ‘French’ __---- le ee ene nee ene nnn eee 39 “Champion” spark plug cable sets.__._-_-------.---------_--------_- 910 “Chicken of the Sea Select Blue Label Tuna’”___.._.-.---.--.-----_-- - 1067 Chemical__-----------------------------------eeeeeee 1069 Chinaware_......-------------------------- == eee ee 107, 574 Chromaloid..-.--------------------------------------------------- 1082 Cigarettes___.....-------------------------- +--+ ee 706, 735, 984 Cigarette chests__._.-----------------------------------------+----- 984 Clocks..---------------------------- ee ee een nee 367 Clothing. _..---.-------------------------------------------------- 1135 Coats, ladies’ wool__--_----------------------------------- +e 767, 952° “Comeo” waterproofing treatment for stone, brick and cement.._..___-- 152 Concentrates for soft drinks_._--.-._--------------------------------- 786 Confectionery products_....-..--.----------------.---- 861, 1041, 1061, 1063 Cooking utensils, stainless__._...--.-------.----------------------- 532, 643 “Cook-Master” stainless steel cooking utensils-____.-.-.-..-----.-..-. 532° Copper, tin. --------- eee eee ene eee ee ee eee ee eee ee eee 1032 Correspondence courses in Radio____-------------- +2 eee eee eee ee ee eee 817 Television,._-..------------------------ eee eee 817 Typewriter repairing--_.----.---------------------------------- 454 Cosmetic preparations__....._..-...-------------------------- 321, 447, 836 Crosses__..-------------------------------- eee 133 Crucifixes..._----------------------------------- +--+ 133 Cutlery products, ‘English’ __._...--------------------------------- 755 Degreasing solvents, synthetic___..._.._---------------------- 147, 149, 1069 Dental goods__-___-_------------------------------- +--+ eee eee 482 Dentrifice_....------------------------- ee ee eee eee 1168 Deodorant cosmetic, ‘‘Arrid”___.____.------------------ +--+ 64 Depilatory__....--.---------------- eee ee eee 1077, 1188, 1144 Dictionaries____.__...-.------------------------------------------- 223 “Dr. Beck’s Germicidal Soap” __.----------------------------------- 361 Dresses___._-.---------------------------- een 1170 Dried prunes___.._..----------------2----------eeeeeee 1024 Drug preparations_....-_------------------------- +--+ 774, 1037 Drugs, dental____...-.------------~------ +e = ene eee 482 Dry cleaning solvents, synthetic____..------------------------------- 149 “Duchess” acetate-rayon lining materials_....-.---------------------- 1139 “Harl-Glo” acetate-rayon lining materials._._._.___--._------------------- 1189 Earthenware......--.------------------------ ++ eee 574 Electric appliances, household__._....-.---.---.----.---------------- 107 Electrolitic depilatory___...-_-_.-------.------------- eee 1144 Enamels___......-------------------------------------------- 1079, 1083 “Encyclopedia Americana”. -__.------------------------------------ 253 “English” cutlery products. --.------------------------------------- 755. “Englishtown” cutlery_--.--------------------------------- +e ee 755 “Erbecell” drug preparation-...--------------- eee eee eee ee 579 “Estrogenic” ingredients in cosmetic__..._.....----_------------------ 447 TABLE OF COMMODITIES 1501 DECISIONS AND ORDERS Page “Everlast” coated screen wire__.._.--.-.---------------------------- 568 “Eveready” spark plug cable sets___-...----------------------------- 910 Eyeglasses_-______...---.----------------------------------------- 694 Fabric treatment__..-_..-----------------------------~------------ 1111 Fingernail preparation___..---------------------------------------- 836 Fire brick, ‘‘Mullitex”___..-.-.-.----------------- eee eee 82 Fish, canned__._.....----.--.------ eee eee .. 1087 “Fitch’s Dandruff Remover Shampoo”.._......--------.------------- 1122 “Fleece twill” blankets...._.-_-.----------------------------------- 367 Food products__----.------------------------------------- =e 10, 579, 829 Food products, canned____-.------------------------------------- 467, 967 Footwear, rubber and canvas_---.------------------------------- 998, 1015 Fountain pens__..._..---...------------------- eee 367 Frankfurters, ‘‘natural’”’ casings for_..-..-----.--------------------~- 90 “Friends” smoking tobacco.___...-.-.--.------------------------- 735, 853 Fruits, canned___.__..-.--------.------------ eee 116, 437, 482 “Garlic-Tabs”’ drug preparation_..-...---.-.------------------------ 579 “Geo-Mineral”’ mineral preparation.-_.._-..-..-----.----- een e eens “920 “Glancaps” medicinal preparation._.._.-_-..--..---------.----------- 388 Glasses, eye__..-----------------n ee eee e . 694 “Glowlights”___._..---.-------------------------- eee eee 133 “Gold Seal” antifreeze.._....-...---.---.---.---------------------e 49 “Goodyear” spark plug cable sets__...-_--..----.-------------------- 910 “Grape Sparkle” soft drink_.__...._..--..-------------------------- 786 Grocery products.._.-...-.----------------- eee 829 Gum__.. 2 eee eee ne eee nee ee ee eee eee 861 Hair preparations__-.....------------------------------------------ 936 Hardware__..._.----.------------------------ eee 107 Hat bodies, used_-..-.-.------------------------------------ +e 626 Hearing device__-_.----------------------------------------------- 179 “Henry’s Hair and Scalp” preparations_.__...-.---------------------- 936 “Herolin Skin Cream”_~-_.-.-.-.--------------- Meee e eee eee 936 “Hospital Brand Castile Soap”_........------.-.-.-------_-----_-_-- 361 “Hot Donut Water Heater”. --_..-.----.---.-.--------------------- 244 Household merchandise_--..-.---_---------------------------- ee 808 Ignition cable sets-__._..._.--------------------- eee eee 910 “Imitation Grape Sparkle Beverage Base No. 179”____..---.---------- 786. Insecticides, food___....-----.----.--------- +e eee 313 Instruments, dental..._.....-.-.---.------------------------- +e 482 Insulating materials__......._....---.------------------- eee ee 379 “TIpana” tooth paste_-_-..-------------------------------------- ee 162 “Irma” depilatory.__..._...-.---._--.------------------------- 1077, 1188 “Tron-X” drug preparation_____...--------------------------------- ‘579 Jackets......--- oe ee nee 133 Jewelry products. -...--.--------------------- +e 632 “Kent Castile Soap”_..--__--.------------------------- pone eeenee eee 361 Kit of radio parts__.._..-.-._.-__-_------------------ eee 337 “Kleerex’”’ medicinal preparation for pimples___.-_-.-..---.--.------- 898 “‘Kolene C’”’ degreasing solvent.___..---------.---------------------- 149 “Kolene T” degreasing solvent____.------------------------------- 147, 149 Ladies’ wool coats.._.....-------------------------------------eee 767 “Laxa-Tabs drug preparation__....--------------- -----------------e 579 “Leather” billfolds.....ccco......-.-----.- 2 -2-- ee eee 682. DECISIONS AND ORDERS Page “Liquidol” cosmetic preparation...___..-.--------------------------- 321 Lottery assortments_-------_----------------------- eee eee 808 Lottery devices_.......-.---------------------------------- 18, 25, 682, 984 Lottery schemes__.__..-------------------------------------------- J, 606 “Lux Eau” water softener__._._-.--------------------------------_- 1092 Magazine subscriptions_-__._.-------------------_------------------- . 58 Marking devices, industrial___...--_------------------------------_- 100 Medicinal preparations.__..____-__----..- 255, 346, 388, 558, 579, 774, 898, 920 ‘“Mega-Har-Phone” hearing device.___--_-_-------------------------- 179 Menthol inhalers___--_.-_----------------------------------------- 867 Metal degreasing solvents. .......--_------------------------ 147, 149, 1069 “Mill-O-Cide”’ food insecticide__-_.._...-_-_----------2--- eee eee 313 “Morlux Product”_-__-_....------------------------------------ 1079, 1083 Mothproofing preparations_-__---..---.-------------------- 1020, 1111, 1181 “Mucin Oide” drug preparation__..........--------_------------- ee 579 “Mullitex” fire brick.____-_.----------------------------------_---- 82 Nail preparation, finger. ...---_..---------------------------------- 836 “Nanette Hormone Cream’’____-___--_------------------------------ 447 Novelties_.___.__..-_------ 2 ee eee 808 Nuts..---__----------------------------------- eee eee eee 861 “Old Gold” cigarettes.....--.------------------------------------ 735, 853 “Olecerin Emollient’”’ cosmetic preparation_..-_.._....---------------- 321 “Olive oil castile soap’__-_____--.---------------------------------- 361 Olives, canned and barrelled_-_------------------------------------- 967 Optical supplies____....------------------------------------------- 694 Packing replacement and repair parts for compression machinery, metallic. 123 Paint products_.__.___-_.-..---------------------------- eee 296 Paints____.___-_.--__--------------------------------- 2638, 279, 1079, 1083 Peat, commercial_____.-_-----------------------+-------------- 1162, 1168 Photographic enlargements___.__.---------------------------------- 542 ' Pimple preparation. -..------------------------------ Leen eee eee eee 898 “Plasti-Cote’”’ paint products_._-.--------------------------------- 279, 296 “Plastic” paint__......._..----------------------------. 2638, 279, 296, 1032 Pottery. -__._-_._-_----- 2. eee eee eee eee .-. 574 Prefinished plated metals_____:_..-_._---.-------------_---_-_------ 1082 Prunes, dried.__-__-_.__._-_-.-----_---_- ee eee 1024 Punch boards-__--_---.---.-------------------- 18, 25, 984, 1096, 1101, 1106 Push cards___-_.--_--.----.-------------- 1, 18, 25, 682, 984, 1096, 1101, 1106 Pyrethrum insecticide.__.......-_-.---.---------------------------- 313 Pyrozide tooth powder. ______._--.--------------------------------- 1158 Radio correspondence courses___._..-_-_-_-------------------_------ 817 Radio parts kit__.._.-...-.__._-.-_---___----------- eee eee 337 Radio receiving sets____....__-------.----------------------- 215, 397, 1065 Radio receiving tubes____._._._...____-_-----_------------------ 397, 1065 Rayon fabries___..-...-.-.-_-------------------------------------- 1170 “Rectifier” radio tubes__.......-..___--.--------------------------- 215 Refractory products___-__..__.-.-_-_------------------------------ 82 Religious medals__--.._...._._------------------------------------ 133 Roofing, asbestos and asphalt_____._._.._.-.-_-_---_---------------- 379 Rubber footwear_--_-_-.---.-..-.-------------------------------+--- 1015 Rubber stamps__.__._...-........--------------------------------e 75, 100 Sachet perfume___-.___-__--.-.-.-_-------------------------------- 367 “84 Chrictanhar’a madalo”” 122 TABLE. OF COMMODITIES 1503 . DECISIONS AND ORDERS Page Sales promotion plans-_-.------------------------------------------- 606 Salve_..____----------- ee enn nnn nn ee rnc eee 367 Sealp preparations.---.--------------------------------- eer r cree 936 Screen wire, coated... ---- eee ee eee eee eee eee 568 “Seal-Kote” paint.__-_-.-------------------------------------- 1079, 1083 “Sensation” cigarettes__-.---------------------------------------- 735, 853 “Shampoo, Fitch’s Dandruff Remover’’- ----~------------------------ 1122 Shoes, canvas and rubber_.....------------------------------------- 998 “Skin Culture” cosmetic preparations_-._-.-------------------------- 321 “Skin Culture Yeast Masque’ cosmetic preparation ------------------- 321 Smoking tobacco. -__-_-------------------------!-------- eee eee ee 735 Soap products_.-_-------.---------------------------------------7- 361 Solvents, vapor metal degreasing. ---------------------------- 147, 149, 1069 Spark plug cable sets..-...----------------------------------------- 910 “Spexol Soap” cosmetic preparation ----~---~-------------------------- 321 Stainless steel cooking utensils_--.----------------------------------- 643 Stamps, rubber_____---------------------------------- 72-20 - roe 75, 100 Steel, copper_-_------------------------------ 2-20 n nner ener 1032 Stencils, metal. --------------------------------------------------- 100 Stilbestrol-containing cosmetic_._.-.--------------------------------- 447 Suits and clothing, men’s.__---------------------------------------- 1152 “Sulphidol” cosmetic preparation-_-_---~------------------------------ 321 Sunburn protection, preparation for_...-------------------------- 1077, 1188 “Sunshine Foam” mothproofing agent----.--------------------------- 1020 “Super Refractory” fire brick_~-.----------------------------------- 82 “Sutra” sunburn protection..._.-------------------------------- 1077, 1188 Tacks, thumb..__-------------:----------------------------------- 847 “Tasty Soup Mix’_--.-------------------------------- 22-22 r errr 579 Tea__..____-_--_--- een ne nn nn nn nee rere 1164 Teeth, artificial. ___-.---------- eee ee eee ene eee ee eee eee 482 Television correspondence courses. --.-_- ~---------------------------- 817 Termite control product___----------------------------------------- 671 “Termitgas” termite control product_--_-------------------- eee eee eee 671 Thumb tacks.___-._----------------------------- en eee 847 Tin, brass__.-.-._--------------------------------- Lee ee eee eee eee 1082 Tobacco, smoking---------------------------------------------0-7- 853 Toiletries_......-.--------------------- nee eee eee eee eee eee ee 808 Tooth paste...--.--------------------------------- +--+ 022-0 n rer 162 Tooth powder, pyrozide--__.-.-------------------------------------- 1158 Trade cards__.-___-------------------+---- 2 enn ene 606 Traffic signals and equipment. _------------------------------------ 1114 Trichlorethylene_._.-.------------------------------ +--+ 00 -- o-oo nee 1069 “Trymm Tablets’_..------------------------------- 2 rrr errr 1087 “Tuffenail,” nail cosmetic------------------------------------------ 836 Tuna, ‘Chicken of the Sea Select. Blue Label”_-----.------------------ 1087 Typewriter repairing, correspondence course in_--..------------------- 454 Vapor balm..._.------------------------------ +20 r errr 367 Varnishes.____._-------------------------- oor 1079, 1083 “VegeMucene” medicinal preparation --_--~--------------------------- 255 Vegetables, canned ---------------------~----------------50erccoe 116, 437 “Vim Herb” medicinal preparation. -.-.--------------~------- a 346 “Virginia Fairy Stones”. -.--_-----------------------------7-- 200-77 133 “Virginia Lucky Stones, Replica” _--..------------------------------- 133 STIPULATIONS . Page “Vitamin B Ration” drug preparation__-.......-.---.--------------.- 579 “Vv, M.” medicinal preparation...__..-._.-.-------------------------- 255 Watch bands, expansion_-.._--.------------------------------------ 632 Watches__.______-.------------------------------ +--+ 1 Water heaters, immersion electrode type_.-.----.--------------------- 244 Waterproofing treatment for brick, stone and cement__--_.-__.-.------ 152 Waterproof rubber footwear_____-__--------------------------------- 998 Water softeners. .-._._-.-.---------------------------------------- 1092 Waxed paper bands for wrapping bread___--------------------------- 193 Wearing apparel._.._--------------------------------------- 404, 794, 1170 Wearing apparel, men’s wool.__..--_--.----------------------=------- 800 ‘“‘Webster’s” dictionaries__...___.----.------------------------------- 228 - “Wheatex B” drug preparation-..._-.------------------------------- 579 Women’s wearing apparel__-------------------------------------- 404, 794 Wool batts..--.-..-------------- se ee ee nee en eee eee ee 855 Wool coats, ladies’__...-...---------------------------------------- 767 “‘Wool products”_.-_-------------------------- 794, 800, 855, 952, 1073, 1185 “Zeolite” water softener..........---------.------------------------ 1092 “Zero Flo” antifreeze.............---------------- eee ee eee 49 STIPULATIONS Abdominal supporter belts____..------------------------------- 1197 (7912) “‘ Absorene”’ wallpaper cleaner_...------------------------------ 1194 (7902) “ Anti-freeze” product_..-...---------------------------------- 1187 (7879) Automobile carburetor devices__.-------- 1229 (7992), 1229 (7998), 1230 (7994) Automobile tires and tubes, used..-___.------------------------ 1203 (7927) “Avalon Wallpaper Cleaner’’..._-.----------------- 1195 (7905), 1196 (7908) Baby chicks__----------------------------------------------- 1207 (7937) Bed board___._.------------------ +e eee eee 1209 (7942) Belt dressing.......------------------------------------------ 1200 (7919) Belts, abdominal supporter___.__.----------------------------- 1197 (7912) ‘“‘Bernel’s Hair Cream”__.....--------.------------------------ 1226 (7986) “Block-Weld Liquid”.__--.----------------------------------- 1218 (7968) “Boil-Quik Water Heater” __..-------------------------------- 1228 (7990) Booklet, Real Estate and Insurance.. ~.----------------------- 1205 (7930) Books for civil service positions_.....-----~-------------------- 1197 (7918) “Boots, Jump”_.------------------------------------------------e- 1243 Bread (Davidson’s Fresh Spun) -.------------------------------ 1188 (7881) Brooches_-_....-.--------------------------------------- +--+ 1225 (7983) “Built-in-Worm Control”’.___-..---.-------------------------- 1239 (8019) “Buitoni 20% Gluten Macaroni’’_.-..-------------------------- 1221 (7974) Bulbs, plants and roots__.-.---------------------------------- 1204 (7929) Burial caskets_....-.----------------------------------------- 1210 (7944) Calves’ food__..-_------------------------------------------- 1199 (7916) “‘Cam-Lac” medicinal preparation_...-..--.-.------------------- 1219 (7970): “‘Camp” anatomical supports_..-..-.-------------------------- 1238 (8016) Candy bars_...-.-------------------------------------------- 1216 (7960) “Capitol Wallpaper Cleaner” _-.-.----------------------------- 1195 (7903) Carbonated beverage___..------------------------------------ 1212 (7950) “Carver” products__----.------------------------------------ 1215 (7959) Cashmere Bouquet soap__.----------------------------------------- 1177 Caskets, burial_...__.--------------------------+-------------- 1210 (7944) TABLE OF COMMODITIES 1505 STIPULATIONS Page “Cedartrue Storage Bags’’_.------------ teen eee eee 1203 (7926) Cement additive. _--_---------------------------------------- 1185 (7874) Cement-water paint_..--------------------------------------- 1186 (7877) “Certified” sheets and pillow cases____------------------------- 1182 (8894) Chewing gum...--_--..----------------------------- eee 1215 (7957) Chicks, baby__.-.------------------------------------------- 1207 (7937) Cigarettes_.....--_.------------------------------ 1230 (7995), 1240 (8021) Civil Service positions, books for obtaining. ---..------.--------- 1197 (7913) “Clean Wallpaper Cleaner’__....------------------------------ 1196 (7907) “Climax Wallpaper Cleaner”.__._.--.------------------------- 1195 (7904) “Cincy Wallpaper Cleaner”__..._-__-__------------------------- 1195 (7905) Clothing, men’s and women’s____.-.-.-----------------~------- 1220 (7971) “Clover Farm’ wallpaper cleaner_...._.--.---.---.------------- 1196 (7907) Colgate’s Dental Cream___----_-_.----------------------------------- 1177 Colgate Rapid-Shave Cream__--..-.-------------------------------- 1177 Combustion engineering, correspondence course in-..-..-.--..--.. 1202 (7924) “Converse Compound”___.-__-------------------------------- 1231 (7997) ‘‘Corkstone”___.--------------------------------------------- 1212 (7948) Correspondence courses: :

Combustion engineering_.____.__..-.------.--------------. 1202 (7924) Hand writing analysis___.._.-..--.------------------.-.----- 1211 (7947) Importing and Exporting, ITP__--__---.----.---.---------- 1191 (7891) Languages...--_--------------------------------------- ee 1235 (8010) Massage__---------------------------------------------- 1214 (7956) Operation and maintenance of radio and television equipment_______ 1236 Theology__..-.------------------------ eee eee eee 1207 (7935) Cosmetic preparations. _._.------------------------------ 1183, 1234 (8007) Costume jewelry___-.--.------------------------------ eee 1216 (7962) Curtis Rubbing Oil__--------_----------------------------- ++ 1215 (7959) Cutlery..__...------------------------- eee eee eee 1208 (7938) “Deluxe Heater” _....--------------- eee 1241 (8025) Detergent preparations._-__..-.-------------------.----------- 1199 (7917) Diamonds____-_---------------------------------- 1223 (7977), 1228 (7991) Disinfectant, chlorine____..._....----------------------------- 1199 (7917) Dog food___----_--------------------------------- 1189 (7885), 1206 (7934) “Dr. Grabow Pipes”__...------------------------------------- 1193 (7897) Drug preparations___._..-------------- 1222 (7975), 1227 (7988), 1231 (7997) “Du-Pull’ belt dressing-_---.--------------------------------- 1200 (7919) Embalming and cemetery supplies......----------------------.- 1207 (7936) “English” holloware___...------------------------------------ 1213 (7952) Eno Effervescent Salt_.___._.-_-..--.----------------- eee 1222 (7975) Epilepsy treatment_-._-_..---------------------------------------- 1231 “Essentialub” motor fuel additive.......-.-_-_---------------_- 1216 (7961) “Fiver Seal Caskets’”___--.------------------------------- =e 1210 (7944) Fence controllers, electric.__..-_--_-..-------.----- 1211, (7946), 1241 (8022) Fertilizer, liquid__-_..--------------------------------2--- ee 1193 (7898) “Filt-R-Stil” water purifying device_......._.--...-------_-.___- 1197 (7911) “Flasheat” electric water heating device__....___..__-----..--_--- 1232 (7999) Floor coating. -_.-..--------.-------------------------------- 1287 (8013) Flooring composition. ._----.--.------------------------------ 1212 (7948) “Formula A-N-1”_____-------------------------------------- 1228 (7989) “14K gold”?___.------------------------------------- + --e- .- 1204 (7928) 1506 : FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS STIPULATIONS : Page “Fryidgizone Anti-Freeze”___._-.------------------------------- 1187 (7879) Fuchsia plants-.-.------------------------------------------- 1201 (7922) Gasoline Engine, miniature_.....-.---------------------------- 1185 (7872) “G, H. Q. Gasoline Motor” (miniature gasoline engine) ---.------- 1185 (7872) Glass substitutes__...---------------------------------------- 1241 (8024) “Glosstex’’, ironing preparation for fabrics__--_~----------------- 1188 (7882) Glue____--------------------- 2 ee ne een ne ee nee ee 1198 (7915) “Gold’____---------------- + eee ne ee eee eee 1208 (7939) . 1219 (7969) “Gold Filled”’_....------------------------------------------- 1225 (7983) “ Graport”_...-----------~---------------- +2 =e eee 1212 (7950) “Grosz Air Feed Valve”’_--_----------------------------------- 1229 (7992) Hair and scalp preparations or treatments---------------------- 1184 (7870), 1186 (7875, (7876), 1187 (7880), 1226 (7986), 1232 1227 (7987), (8001), 1237 (8015).

Hair coloring preparation___...-------------------------------- 1194 (7901) “Hair-Gro,”’ hair preparation. ...------------------------------ 1186 (7876) Hand writing analysis__--------------------------------------- 1211 (7947) Hats, men’s___----------------------------------------------- 1220 (7973) “Hawaiian” perfumes----------------------------- 1202 (7925), 1225 (7981) Heating device, electric water_--------------------------------- 1228 (7990) “en-Roib Combination Treatment” ...-..-.------------------- 1227 (7988) Henry’s Sulphur-Lanolin-Castor Treatment for Hair and Scalp----- 1184 (7870) “Herbold Pomade,” hair preparation____-..--------------------- 1187 (7880) “Berter’s Pheno Resin Marine Glue”__.------------------------ J198 (7915) “Hospital Brand H-B Cough Drops’. -------------------------- 1210 (7945) “Hy-Speed Electric Water Heater’’__.-------------------------- 1231 (7998) “Hy-Trous” liquid fertilizer.._._------------------------------- 1193 (7898) Importing and exporting, correspondence course in-.--..-------- 1191 (7891) Insecticides. _.----------------------------------- 1217 (7963), 1239 (8018) Insets for rings..._------------------------------------------- 1223 (7978) Instructions for operating three-phase electric motors in single phase power_..--_-------------------------------------+---------- 1214 (7955) “ITP Course in Importing and Exporting” _._------------------- 1191 (7891) Jewelry...-------------+-------------- 1192 (7896), 1204 (7928), 1219 (7969) Jewelry insets._.._-__---------------------------------------- 1234 (8006) “Jiffy Electric Hot Water Heater” __..._------------------------ 1242 (8028) “Jump Boots” ___--------------------------------------- 0-77-77 +e 1243 “Kaff-A” food for calves._..___------------------------------- 1199 (7916) “KXi-Mo,” rust or scale remover in circulating systems._----------- 1187 (7878) “King Pin Air Feed Valve”__.-.------------------------------- 1229 (7993) Kirkman Soap Flakes...._----------------------------------------- 1177 Kneeling device__-_------------------------------------------- 1235 (8009) “Kneel-O-Matie’_.....--------------------------------------- 1235 (8009) “Kreem of Herb” hair and skin preparations__._..--.------------ 1237 (8015) “Kutol Wallpaper Cleaner”._.._------------------------------- 1195 (7905) “Jan-O-Tone” hair preparations. ..-..------------------------- 1186 (7875) Leather_..._._--_------------------- ee eee eee eee ‘eee 1218 (7966) “Len-Oint”__......_----------------------------------------- 1227 (7988) “Life” cigarettes- ---- een een eee ee nen ee eee eee 1240 (8021) ' “Tiife Guard Dog Food”__.-._-_------------------------------- 1206 (7934) “Limegon” detergent. ----~------------------------------------ 1199 (7917) ’ “Lincoln” shoe polishes and cleaners__.--.---------------------- 1197 (7910) TABLE OF COMMODITIES 1507 STIPULATIONS : Page “Linen”... -------- eee ee eee Veen eee eee eee eee 1239 (8020) Linen outfits, trousseau_____.__.__-_-----.-_----------- eee 1190 (7888) Liniment__._..._.-__----------- 2 eee eee 1224 (7980) “Linseed oil” putty...._._.---.------------------------ eee 1192 (7894) Liquid petroleum gas___..-.----.------------------------..---- 1231 (7996) “Liquid Radiator Solder’.._._._--__-_------------------------ 1218 (7968) Lottery assortments___..__----------------------------------- 1215 (7957) Lottery devices_____------- 1178 (7914), 1193 (7899), 1194 (7900), 1202 (7923) Lubricants, automobile__.-_-_.....-------.-------------------- 1206 (7932) Macaroni food products____.._.-.----------------------------- 1221 (7974) Magazine, ‘‘Opportunities Preferred” ~.___.__-----.-.---------- 1192 (7895) “Magic Foam”_________---------------------- +e 1209 (7941) “Magic Motor Tune-Up”____.-___.-.---------------_ eee 1230 (7994) “Marcelle” cosmetics. ..--_-_-------------------------------- eee 1183 “Mary Greene Hair Coloring Cream”_..__._._-_._----..---___--- 1194 (7901) “Matilda’s Geo-Quick Hair Grower’_.__._-.-._______--- eile 1227 (7987) Mattresses_....---------------------------------------------- 1235 (8008) Medicinal preparations._.___..--.----------------------------- 1184 (7871), 1185 (7873), 1205 (7931), 1210 (7945), 1219 (7970), 1228 (7989) Men’s suits_.....-.-_.------_-_------ ee eee eee eee 1201 (7921) “Meta Chlor” disinfectant__...._._.._..---_------.-----_-----. 1199 (7917) Metal casket__..--__-.._.-------------------- eee 1182 (3433) “Metalite Plastic Metal’_..___._____/____-___-_____-__--_ lee 1215 (7958) ““Meta-Suds” detergent_________-.-.-_-_---_---_-_--------- ee 1199 (7917) “‘Micro-Seal” cement-water paint_.--......--------------------- 1186 (7877) “Miner’s Friend’”’ medicinal preparation_._____-_-..------.------ 1219 (7970) “Model 106 Maxi-Shok”____..-_.____-__-_--- eee eee 1240 (8022) Model supplies (Miniature gasoline engine)_._.-._.-_-.-.-...-_-- 1185 (7872) “Mongol Pencils’_____._.-..__._.-----_-------------------e ee 1242 (8027) “‘Monoseal’”’ metal casket__._.__.._...--_--------_-_------------ 1182 (3433) “Moore’s Emerald Oil’. _...._.-..-.---.-- eee eee eee 1224 (7980) Motor fuel additive____.________-___.---_-_-_-_-__ eee weeeeee 1216 (7961) Motor oil ‘‘Penn-Bee”___.-. 2 eee eee 1206 (7932) “No Roach” insecticide......_.._._....-_-_---_---_------------ 1217 (7963) Novelty merchandise. ._-_._.._.../.------------------- eee eee 1194 (7900) “Nutri-Lax (‘““Nu-tri-lax’’) medicinal preparation____.._._.___.___- 1184 (7871) - “Nutritone” (‘‘Nu-tri-tone”’) medicinal preparation......_..------ 1184 (7871).. “Nylon? ..-_------- ee eee eee 1239 (8020) “Omar Wallpaper Cleaner”........-_-.._.___--___------------e 1196 (7909) “1068 Cenol Tensite’’ insectide...........----.----------------- 1239 (8018) “Opportunities Preferred’ magazine_________._._._-_----------- 1192 (7895) “Orthopedic Bed Board”___.__...-.--------------------------- 1209 (7942) “Ortona” medicinal preparation....._...-..-__.---------------- 1219 (7970) Paint, waterproof__..____.._.....___-----_---_------- ee eee 1186 (7877) Palmolive Soap. ..---------------------+-------------------------- 1177 “Pearl” jewelry._....._____-_------------ ---- eee pence eee eens 1192 (7896) “Peda Spray Solution” and “Dispenser” _._____._--------------- 1205 (7931) Pencils_____._......___----_-- eee eee eee eee 1242 (8027) “Penn-Bee”’ motor oil____._...___-_-__-_-------_--------------- 1206 (7932) “Pennsylvania” motor oil__._____._-_-._-_---.----_----------- 1206 (7932) Perfumes, Hawaiian._._________ -o------ 1225 (7981), 1191 (7893), 1202 (7925) Permanent wave kit_____________-_-_-----_- Lee 1189 (7887). 1190 (7890) Petroleum products___.--.--.--------------------------------- 1232 (8000) STIPULATIONS : Page Phantom Cigarettes_..._------1--------------------------- ee 1230 (7995) Phonograph needles._.__...---------.------------------------ 12382 (8002), 1233 (8003), 1234 (8005) Photographs__..-------------------------- ee 1208 (7939), 1210 (7943) . Picture frames_._-------------------------1------------------- 1208 (7939) “Pikaki” perfume_____-_-------------------------------------- 1225 (7981) Pipes, Dr. Grabow__...-..-----------------------------2--- ++ 1193 (7897) : “Plastex”_._..-.-~------------------------------e en ee ee 1233 (8004) Poultry feeds with “Built-In Worm Control”_-__--_-----.-------- 1239 (8019) Poultry and livestock feed__-_-_--.---.-.---------------------- 1217 (7965) Pullets__.--.-------------------- 2 -e---e- eee 1191 (7892) Pumps..-_.-------------------2---- +--+ 1237 (8014) Punchboards----_- weeeeee 1193 (7899), 1198 (7914), 1202 (7928), 1236 (8012) “Puritan Dry Rug Shampoo”’___..-_-------------------2------- 1242 (8026) Pusheards_.---_-------------------- 1193 (7899), 1194 (7900), 1240 (8028) Putty._------------------------------- eee 1192 (7894) - Quilt pieces.._._._.------------------- 2 eee 1214 (7954), 1220 (7972) Radiator & motor repair compound_.__-...--.------------------- 1222 (7976) Raincoats_..------------------------------------------ 2 ee 1223 (7979) “R-C Radiator and Motor Block Repair’ compound._._.......__- 1222 (7976) Real Estate and Insurance booklet._-......--------------------- 1205 (7930) Red Cross spaghetti__...-------------------------------------- 1238 (8017) Renuzit Spot and Stain Remover_...__-..-----.-.-------------. 1214 (7953) “Resin-X”’ floor coating..-.------------------------------------ 1237 (8013) “Rest-Well Bed Board”’___------------------------------------ 1209 (7942) Rings_----------------------------------------- eee 1223 (7978) ‘“Romotox’’, medicinal preparation for rheumatism, etc.._._...____. 1185 (7878) “Ruby” jewelry__-.------------------------------------------ 1192 (7896) Rug shampoo-_____---------------------------- +--+ eee 1242 (8026) Ruby tipped phonograph needles____-_-_.----------------------- 1233 (8003) Rug & upholstery cleaner._.......----------------------------- 1209 (7941) Rust remover in circulating systems “Ki-Mo”__.-..-_.--...._.__- 1187 (7878) R-V-LITE____------------------------------------------ =e 1241 (8024) “Rx” cosmetic preparation______..-....-------------------- ---e 1181 “Santorized Trimiz”’, cement additive.__...._.-.---.-..-.---_-._ 1185 (7874) “Sapho” hair preparation___...__-..----.--------.------------- 1232 (8001) Sapphire tipped phonograph needles____----.-......- 1232 (8002), 1234 (8005) “Scotch Crown” sweaters....-..------------------------------- 1188 (7884) Sealer, metal ‘‘Serco”___.....-_.-.-._-.------ eee 1187 (7878) “Seconds”, men’s hats__-.------------------------------------- 1220 (79738) “Serco’’, sealing product for cracks in metals____.....-.-.---.---. 1187 (7878) Sheets and pillow cases__-.___.-----------------.--------~------ 1182 (3894) “Sheffield” holloware_..__.._....-.-.---------------_------ eee 1213 (7952) “Sho Wallpaper Cleaner”...._._..---_-------------------------- 1196 (7909) Shoe polishes and cleaners_-__._.--------.-.-------------------- 1197 (7910) “Shokless Portable Electric Water Heater”_-.__._---.-_._--.----- 1225 (7982) Silver plated holloware____-_-.-------.------------------------ 1213 (7952) Skin preparations.._..._...._..--.---.---------- eee 1237 (8015) Soaps_---------------------------------------- eee 1177 Sqdium hypochlorite preparation-_....--.-.-.....--_--- eee e 1189 (7886) “Solder”___-..---------------- eee ‘_.-- 1218 (7968) Spaghetti products____-_.-._...------------------- eee 1238 (8017) TABLE OF COMMODITIES 1509 STIPULATIONS Page Spear poultry feeds__---_------------------------------- += 1239 (8019) “Sterling” __...-.------+------------------------------------- 1219 (7969) Storage bags_------------------------------------------------ 1203 (7926) “Sulphur-Lanolin-Castor treatment for Hair and Scalp, Henry’s’”’_.. 1184 (7870) “Sunny Sol’, sodium hypochlorite preparation_--..._--.---------- 1189 (7886) Super Suds_.-------- we eee ne ene ee en een ee en eee eee eee ee eee 1177 “Surplus” watches_.__-----.--------------------------1------- 1226 (7985) Sweaters, “Scotch”. __-.-------------------------------------- 1188 (7884) Synthetic sapphire tipped phonograph needles___-..-.--.-.-.-----. 1233 (8003) Table, children’s___._----------------------------------------- 1190 (7889) | “Tasty-Dinner Dog Food”’___---------------------------------- 1189 (7885) Television receiving sets________--.-.--------------.-------_-._ 1226 (7984) Theology, correspondence courses in__------_------------------.-- 1207 (7935) “308 Hair Preparation”_-..-_.-------------------------------- 1218 (7967) Ties__----.---------------- ----------- eee nee 1209 (7940) Tires and tubes, automobile, used__----__....------------------- 1203 (7927) “Toni Home Permanent Creme Cold Wave Kit, The”_.---....-_-- 1190 (7890) Traveling bags--_----------_--------------------------------- 1218 (7966) Trees, evergreen____.-_-------------------------- +--+ 1204 (7929) “Trimix”, cement additive.__...__...---.-------------.--- ---- 1185 (7874) “Trio Triple Gum”’_____..-----.------------------------- + ee 1215 (7957) “Trousseau Linen Outfits’....--_.--..----------------- eee ee 1190 (7888) Undertakers’ supplies. ____._------.---------------------------- 1207 (7936) “U-Wav-It Home Cold Permanent Wave Kit”____..-__.-.-_-___- - 1189 (7887) Vacuum cleaners, rebuilt_-__--.--.-.----.---------------------- 1206 (7933) Vanity chests, mirrored_...----.---.-.------------------------ 1188 (7883) “ Varnish._._...___._-.----------------------------- eee eee 1233 (8004) “Vermont Maid Syrup”_..--.------------------------ +--+ 8 1213 (7951) “Vita-Fluff Custombuilt Cream’”__-___.-_-_-.-.---------------- 1234 (8007) Vitamin and iron preparation. -__-_---.---.-.----.--------.~---- 1217 (7964) Vitamin animal feed supplement_.-._-_----.-.------------------ 1217 (7965) Wallpaper cleaners.___.--- 1194 (7902), 1195 (7903), 1195 (7904), 1195 (7905) 1196 (7906), 1196 (7907), 1196 (7908), 1196 (7909) “Walvet” wallpaper cleaner__....._....------------------------ 1196 (7906) Watches___.-------------------------------------- 1223 (7977), 1226 (7985) Water Demineralizers_-_-.---..-------------------------------- 1212 (7949) Water heating, device, electric. 1225 (7982), 1231 (7998), 1241 (8025), 1242 (8028) Water purifying device._._--...-..--.--------------------- eee 1197 (7911) Wearing apparel, women’s..___.-_----------.-----------~------- 1200 (7918) “Weld”, Solder__..------------------------------------------- 1218 (7968) “Whitehouse” wallpaper cleaner_...._-_-----.- peeee ene n ne eeeeee 1196 (7907) Window materials_-_-__--------------------------------------- 1241 (8024) Witch Hazel.________._.-----.---.----------- eee 1200 (7920) Women’s garments___.._-..-.---.-------------------- ++ eee 1239 (8020) Women’s wearing apparel__---_.-_----------.------------------ 1200 (7918) “Veastex”.______------------- ee ee ee eee 1217 (7965) “Zyrone”’ medicinal preparation_-___.-------.------------------- 1217 (7964) INDEX! DECISIONS AND ORDERS .

Page Abandonment or discontinuance of practice:

Desist order issued notwithstanding..............---------------- 116 If truth of misrepresentations insisted on as requiring desist order_.__ 279, 706 Acts, unfair or deceptive, condemned in this volume. See Unfair methods, etc.

Adjustments, delaying or withholding. (See Delaying or withholding, ete.) .-.-.------------- eee ee 58 Advertising agencies: charges of complaint dismissed as to_-.---.-.----- 162 Advertising agency: discontinuance of relations with respondent as involved in dismissal of complaint___-_------------------------------ 1164 Advertising allowances, unlawful payments of. (See Discriminating in price) -._--------------------------------------- eee 404 Advertising falsely or misleadingly:

As to— Agents’— Earnings or profits__...._..---------------------------- 1 Terms and conditions._______.-_-.------------_---------- 367 Ailments and symptoms_......___.-.------------- 162, 346, 579, 920 Business status, advantages or connections— Bonded business__......------------------------------- 454 Branches_.-_-_.-------------------------------------- 574 Connections___-_-.----------------------------------- 967 British Royal Warrant holder_...-------------------- 755 Dealer being— Authorized distributor_._.___..--.--__.-__-------- 454, 967 Chemical concern___.__.__.._-..------------+------- 263 Laboratory._--.-------.------------------------ 244, 643 Manufacturer___..------- eee eeee 25, 268, 337, 574, 648, 1152 Direct dealing saving._.--__.-.------------------------ 1152 Fictitious collection agency..-....-----..--------------- 643 Government connection__.._.-_----------.-.---------+-- 542 Government indorsement or approval— Army and Navy__....----------------------------- 542 Federal Communications Commission_-___.---------- 817 History of business....------------------------------ 454, 817 Export-import business_._..------------------------ 671 Identity_..__..-------------------------------- +--+ --- 967 Individual or private business being— Research institution.....------------------------ 821, 558 School_....--------------------------------------- 454 1 Covering practices in cease and desist orders. For index by commodities involved rather than by practice, see Table of Commodities. References to matters involved in vacating or dismissing orders are indicated by italics.

DECISIONS AND ORDERS Page Advertising falsely or misleadingly—Continued As to—Continued Business status, advantages or connections—Continued Location. ..-.--...----------------------- ee 574, 967 Nature of business_...-.---------.--------------------e 263 Organization and operation_.--_--..---.---------------- 967 Personnel or staff....-.----.-...--.-.----2-- 253, 263, 454, 643 Plant or equipment__--_=----------------------------- 454 Qualifications. .._...--.----.--- 2 - eee 671, 817 Reputation, success or standing._...-_-.....-...-.-_2_.- 817 . Stock, product or service._..._--.---------------------- 107 Time in business___-_----.-------------.----------- ee 671 Unique or special status or advantages_.____._.-.-----.-- 967 Comparative data or merits of product.____..---------------- 90, 162, 253, 263, 279, 296, 568, 643, 706, 735, 853 Competitors and their products.__--------------------- 90, 162, 643 Composition of product__..-_.----------------------------- 133, 255, 268, 279, 296, 337, 367, 579, 706, 735, 786, 853, 920, 1152 Condition of product_.....--.------------------------------ 107 Contents. -.-------------------------------------------- 223, 337 Demand or business opportunities___...........--.-.-.-.---- 454 Earnings of students.._.-----.--------------------------- 454, 817 Foreign properties and rights__.-_.--_--_-------------------- 755 Free goods__--.-.----------------------------------- 133, 367, 682 Guarantees__..------------------------------ +e eee 694 History of product_....-.---------------- 133, 228, 263, 279, 648, 671 Identity of product.___..--_-..---------------------- +e ee 223 Individual or special attention. .-._.-.-.-_-_.------------_-- 454 Individual’s special selection-__--.---.---------------------. 253 Indorsements and testimonials_.___.-.-.-.-----.------------ 706 Dentists__.._.---------------------------------------- 162 Food and medical authorities_..-.-.-.-.--.------------- 643 Jobs and employment_.---------------------------------- 454, 817 Manufacture or preparation of product.._.__._-_-------- 39, 215, 223, 397, 568, 694, 735, 853, 910 Custom made____------------------------------ eee 1152 Hand carved___.-------------------------------------- 133 Nature of product_._.._----.-.- 133, 263, 279, 296, 671, 682, 786, 1032 Old or second-hand product being new__----.----.- 107, 223, 253, 910 Opportunities in product or service.---._-------------------- 454 Order conformance. -_-------------------------------------- 107 Premiums and premium offers______._...-..----------------- 367 Prices____-.---.-------------------------------- 107, 253, 694, 774 Qualities, properties, or results of product— Cosmetic.......-.----------------------------e-e 64, 321, 447 Deodorant._....--------------- een eee eee eee eee 64 Durability or permanence_._...-----.-------- 263, 279, 296, 568 Economizing.__..-_.-_---------------------- 268, 296, 279, 643 Fade-proof__....---.---.------------------------ 263, 279, 296 Fire resistant_.__----.-------------------------------- 82 Functional effectiveness.__..___________--------------_-- 64, 179, 215, 244, 263, 279, 296, 313, 337, 397, 671 INDEX 1513 DECISIONS AND ORDERS . . Page Advertising falsely or misleadingly—Continued As to—Continued Qualities, properties or results of product—Continued Illuminating_...-.------------------------------------ 133 Insecticidal____......_.----------.--- 2-2-2 eee 313, 671 Medicinal, therapeutic, remedial and healthful___..-...__- 162, 255, 321, 346, 388, 447, 532, 558, 579, 643, 706, 735, 836, 853, 898, 920, 936.

Preventive or protective__..-.-.-------.---.---------- 162, 643 Waterproofing......_.-_.....----------- 1 eee 152, 263, 279, 296 Quality._..-------------------------- eee 107, 367, 397 Safety of product._...---------------- 47, 64, 179, 313, 388, 936, 1077 Sciertific or other relevant facts........____----.-_-_-.---.-- 90, 162, 179, 255, 313, 321, 337, 346, 454, 532, 568, 579, 643, 671, 694, 706, 735, 853, 920.

Source or origin of product— Domestic product being imported__..._.-...-.------- 755, 1152 Maker___._--.------------------------------ eee 233, 910 Place. .._-.----------------- eee ee 133 Foreign _--_-------------------------------------- 39 Special or limited offers......._-.-.-.._-2---------------e 258, 694 Success, use or standing of product___._....-...------- 162, 253, 671 Terms and conditions.__._._.._...--------.------ 367, 532, 648, 817 Testimonials__...----------------------------------------- 706 Tests_.-..---.------ een ee ee eee 568 Undertakings, in general..._.--..--.----------------------- 454 Unique nature of product......_..-.------ 263, 279, 296, 313, 643, 671 Value of product__.......-...---- eee 367 Advertising: innuendoes and suggestions as considered in appraising_._.. 920 Advertising services, discriminating as to allowances for. (See Discriminating in price.)_..._._.._-----_ ~~ eee eee 1139 Agents’ earnings, misrepresenting. (See Advertising, etc.; Securing, etc.) . 1 Agents or representatives, securing falsely or misleadingly. (See Advertising, ete.; Securing, etc.)___.-.._._.-.-.------------------------- 367 Agreements to fix prices. See Combining or conspiring. Aiding, assisting, and abetting unfair or unlawful act or practice: Through— Supplying lottery devices_.......-------------- wo---e: 1, 18, 808, 984 Ailments and symptoms, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.).. 162, 346, 579, 920 Allowances, discriminating through. (See Discriminating in price.)__-_- 1041, 1061, 1064 Anemia: as due to iron deficiency__..._....-------------.------------ 920 Antifreeze product: public understanding as to..__-------------------- 49 Antifreeze qualities of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Misbranding, etc.; Using misleading, etc.)_...-_-------------------------------- 49 “Applicators” or contractors, discriminating in connection with so-called. (See Discriminating in price)_....--------------------------------- 379 “Army and Navy’’: as private trade name, contradicted and not qualified by additional words__._-_.-.---- eee e eee nee ene eee nee ee eee 542 Arrangements and connections with others. See Advertising, etc.; Assuming or using, etc.; Misrepresenting business status. DECISIONS AND ORDERS Page Assuming or using misleading trade or corporate name: As to— Dealer being— .

Laboratory ...----------------------- 2-2 244 Manufacturer____.__---------------------- ieee 25, 263 Fictitious collection agency._____.-.___..____- ween eee eee e lee 643 Government approval of product.__........-.-__-- 542 Government connection_._-._---------___--_-------------__- 542 Individual or private business being— Institute__---.-----------------------ee eee 321 Research Foundation.-___--.------_----2--- eee. 321, 558 School. __------------------ eee eee 454 Nature of business_____-------------------.-------_------ ee 263 Personnel or staff_.._.__-_------...--------2---- eee eee 454 Plant or equipment_--..--_------------------ eee eee ee 454 Source or origin of product— Maker___----------------------------------- eee 133 Authorized distributor, misrepresenting business as. (See Advertising, etc.; misrepresenting business status.).._......_...--..----------__- 454, 967 Automatic vending machines, discriminating in favor of operators of. (See Discriminating in price.)____.------..--------------- 1041, 1061, 1064 Bids: making uniform to Government units. (See Combining, etc.) ____- 1114 Bonded, misrepresenting as to business being. (See Advertising, etc.; Misrepresenting business status, etc.)_..._._.......------- panne ee eee 454 Branch offices, misrepresenting operation of. (See Advertising, etc.; Misrepresenting business status; Misrepresenting directly, etc.).._...____- 574 Branch sales, discriminating in price as to. (See Discriminating in price). 1016 Branch store system, discriminating in price through. (See Discriminating in price)..__----------------------------- eee --eeeeee 998 Branding product falsely. See Misbranding or mislabeling. Brands or labels, using false or misleading. See Misbranding or mislabeling.

Breach of competitors’ contracts with customers, inducing. (See Inducing breach, ete.)___---------_-------------------- eee eee 532 British Royal Coat of Arms: right to use limited to British Government, etc___.-_----------------- +--+ eee eee 755 British Royal Warrant Holders “Assn., misrepresenting connection with. (See Advertising, etc.; Misbranding, etc.)_........._L..----_--______- 755 Brokerage payments and acceptances, unlawful payment of. (See Dis- : criminating in price)__...____-__-___- 10, 116, 404, 437, 467, 1041, 1061, 1064 Business status, advantages or connections, misrepresenting as to. See Advertising, etc.; Assuming, etc.; Misbranding, etc.; Misrepresenting business status, etc.; Misrepresenting directly, etc. Buyers, unlawful brokerage payments to. (See Discriminating in price... 404, 437, 467 Buying intermediary group, paying allowances to and through, unlawfully. (See Discriminating in price.)_....___....-_-----__--____-_-_______ 404 Buying up manufacturers’ stocks. (See Combining, etc.; Cutting off competitors’ supplies, etc.; Dealing on exclusive, etc.)........-------- 482 Calcium chloride antifreeze preparations for automobile radiators: as causing damage to engine__-.-.__-----_--------..----------------- 49 Candy products: competition such that price differential may result in substantial diversion of business._...........----._--_-_______ - ole R61 INDEX 1515 DECISIONS AND ORDERS Page Cease and desist order:

Disagreeing with recommended decision___.__--_----.-----.------ 898 Proof of one or more violations sufficient basis for____..----------- 861 “Cello-Nw’’; charges of complaint not sustained as to— As product name__-_------------------------------------------ 296 As trade-name._.___..----------------------------------- +e 279 ‘Cello-Plastic’’: , As trade and product name, charges of complaint not sustained as to_ 263 Chain stores, discriminating in price in favor of. (See Discriminating in price.)____._.--------------------------------------- 632, 998, 1015, 1087 Chains, national: cost studies re discounts to._.-.--.------------------ 998 Chamois skins, French: public preference for........--.--------------- 39 Charges of complaint: .

Dismissed as to.....------------------------------------------ 755 Advertising agencies__._..-----_--------------------------- 162 Alleged effect on teeth__.___-_-....------------------------ 162 Office building depiction____._._.-__--.-.------------------- 152 Price misrepresentation.......---.-.-.---------------------- 223 ‘“Webster’s,”’ misuse of word_._._.__.-.------_--------------- 223 Dismissed due to abandonment of practice and lack of. public interest_..-.-_.----------------- ee eee eee 774 Not sustained as to..__-.---_------------------------ 694, 706, 952 Business being corporation_...._..-.-------------------- 542 “Cello-Nu”’, “Interior”, etc._....----------------------- 296 “Cello-Plastic’’, as trade and product name___-_---------- 263 Designing of product_._-_------------------------------ 337 “Perma Plastic”, ‘Exterior’, ete____...._--------------- | 296 “Plasti-cote” products__._......----------------------- 296 “Plastic” paints._....--------------------------- 263, 279, 296 Price misrepresentation._-_._---------------------------- 215 Wholesaler discrimination..__..._..-..---.-------------- 379 No findings made as to, when stipulation included no factsre..-_ 671 Chemical concern or engineers, dealer representing self falsely as. (See Advertising, etc.; Misrepresenting business status)._..-.------------ 263 Cigarettes:

Food and Drug Administration tests show great variation of nicotine content in._..---.----____---_e eee -- 706 Length as increasing rather than lessening nicotine and tarry substances entering mouth..____.--.-...------------------------- 735 Nicotine content of tobaccos used in, as varying greatly__---.------- 735 No known process by which nicotine content may be reduced. ..---- 706 Not practically possible for manufacturers to maintain consistency of nicotine, tar and resin content in__..._.--------------------- 735 Respondents’ substantially same as competitors’, as stipulated __-__-- 706 Cigarettes, smoking of:

Adverse action upon energy and endurance of athletes___._-------- 706 Advertising claiming beneficial or not injurious, as deceptive_-.-_----- 706 As throat irritant........._..-.-------------------------------- 706 Cannot possible create energy_---------------------------------- 706 Has no uniform effect upon blood sugar level_.-_-_---------------- 706 May afford temporary relaxation to addicts.._.----.-------------- 706 Not physiologically beneficial__-..-.---.------------------------ 706 Physiological effects upon digestion as harmful_.-..--.------------ 706 DECISIONS AND ORDERS Cigarettes, smoking of—Continued Physiological effects vary with individual._.._._._-_-..--.-_.-____._ When excessive, will not be soothing, comforting or restful__.-._-__-2_ Claiming indorsements and testimonials falsely or misleadingly: As to or from— Dentists, generally___._.___------------------------- eee ee Food and medical authorities_...------_--------.---------e Hospitals_._...-------------- eee eee enn ee ee eee ee eee Truth of signers’ statements. .---.-----------.---------2--__ Clayton Act, violations of. See Dealing on exclusive, ete.; Discriminating in price.

‘Coercing and intimidating:

Competitors— By threatening infringement suits not in good faith or justifiably Suppliers and sellers— To accept price-fixing, licensing program_ we eee eee eee eee nee Collection agency, fictitious: operating. (See Advertising, etc.; Assuming, etc.; Misrepresenting business status.) _.._------------------------- Combining or conspiring:

To— Fix prices and hinder competition— Through— Agreeing upon— Prices, terms and discounts.--_.._..--------.--- Trade-in allowances and prices__.__....-.--_--.- Cutting off supplies of competitors by— Buying entire output of manufacturers_..___-.__- Charging independent dealers consumer prices__-_ Dividing territory__-------.--------------- ele Exchanging present and future price quotations._._.._ Exchanging statistics_.....-.----------------------. Fixing, observing and enforcing dealer resale prices _ -_-__ Freight rate books_.._...-------------------------- Future sales contracts and delivery undertakings. ._._. Meetings_..--------------------------- 2.

Policing deviations from pricing and selling practices___ Price filing._..------------------------- eee eee Refusing to sell to nonmembers. ._..----.------.--.-- Selling on identical delivered price basis.........---_. Standardizing product and specifications........_..-_- Uniform bidding to Government units.........------ Uniform contracts____..-.-.----------.-------ee eee Monopolize production, purchase and sale— Through— Localized price cutting.......-.-.-.--.------------- Specifications designed to exclude competitive products Sell products deceptively.........--.-----.-.-.-------- ee INDEX 1517 DECISIONS AND ORDERS Page Comparative data or merits of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Disparaging, etc.; Misrepresenting directly, etc.).2._. 90, 162, 253, 263, 279, 296, 568, 643, 706, 735, 853 Competition in candy trade such that discrimination may result in sub- . stantial diversion of business._..._._.----------------------------- 861 Competitive effect, absence of requisite, as involved in dismissal of price , discrimination complaint. .........-----..--------------------- ee 1069 Competitive products, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Disparaging, etc.; Misrepresenting directly, etc.).---------.-- 147, 149, 162, 643 Competitors and their products, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Disparaging, etc.; Misrepresenting directly, etc.)-. 90, 147, 149, 162, 482 Competitors: harassing. (See Enticing away employees, etc.; Inducing breach, etc.; Interfering with competitors, etc.)__------.--.--------- 532 ‘Complaint dismissed: (See Also Charges of complaint.) As to named respondent but not against same corporation as member of a class__..........--------.------------------------------ 404 As to officers not exercising substantial degree of authority..-..._-. 437 As to partner severing connection prior thereto-_._--.---.-------- 626 For lack of evidence of violation of sec. 2 (d) Clayton Act_.......-. 404 Complaint, motion for recall of, and consideration of matter involved on industry-wide basis. ......--------------------------------------- 1122 Complaints, multiple charges and surplusage as involved in dismissal of price discrmination.

Composition of product, misbranding under Wool Products Act. (See Advertising, ete.; Misbranding, etc.; Neglecting, etc.)_--.---- 855, 952, 1073 Composition of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Disparaging, etc.; Misbranding, etc.; Misrepresenting directly, etc.; Using misleading, etc.)_-------------------------------------- 138, 147, 149, 255, 263, 279, 296, 337, 361, 367, 579, 706, 735, 767, 786, 794, 800, 920 Concealing or obliterating law required and informative markings: Through— Removing and multilating stamps in violation of Wool Products Act... 1-2 eee eee eee eee 800 Condition of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.)_.-.- 107 Connections, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Misrepresenting business status, etc.)...-----------------------------------+ 967 “Consignment contracts”: , Paying unlawful brokerage through use of purported. (See Discriminating in price.)..--.---------------------------------- 437, 467 Use in paying unlawful brokerage as not changing real nature of transaction__.....----.----------------- eee eee 437, 467 Consumer classification, discriminating, as alleged, through. (See Discriminating in price.)_.-..-------.-------------------------------- 1069 Consumer prices, charging dealers. (See Combining, etc.; Cutting off competitors’ supplies.) - ~~ -- pene ene ene nn ne ne ee eee eee ene 482 Contents of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Misbranding, etc.).._-.------------------------------------------- 223, 337 Contractors or “applicators”, discriminating in connection with so-called. (See Discriminating in price.)_------------------------------------ 379 Contracts, uniform: as incident to price-fixing undertaking. (See Combining, etc.)___..-------------------------- +e eee 1114 Contracts with or orders of customers, inducing breach or cancellation of. (See Inducing breach, etc.;)....----------------------------------- 532 DECISIONS AND ORDERS Page Cooperation policy with other agencies, as concerned in dismissal of complaint involving jurisdiction also under Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act__-_.----------------------------------- 1020, 1111, 1131 Corporate name, use of word “formerly,” in connection with, disapproved, but permitted for limited time__----_---.---_----------2.-----ee ee 321 Corrective action, motion for, on industry-wide basis and recall of complaint.-...--------------------------------------- penne eee anne ee 1122 Cosmetic or beautifying qualities of product. (See Advertising, etc.)_ 64, 321, 447 Cosmetics and toilet preparations industry; proposed trade practice conference rules for, as concerned in denial of motion for corrective action on industry-wide basis___-_-.--.-..-------------------- eee 1122 Cost studies: principle of ‘‘de minimis” as involved in, and unjustified price differences__..--.--------------------------------- +e - eee 998 Coupon books, discriminating in price through. (See Discriminating in price.) _...-.--------------------------------e eee 829 Cumulative quantity rebates, discriminating in price through. (See Discriminating in price.)__._-.__--..--.-----------------_- eee e ee 632 Custom made, falsely claiming product as. (See Advertising, etc.; Misrepresenting business status, etc.)..........-....-_---__---__-- --_e 1182 Cutlery, English: public preference for........_..-...-_-.-----_-------- 755 Cutting off competitors’ access to customers and market: Through— ;

Exclusive dealing contracts with distributors....._.....-....-_- 861 Cutting off competitors’ supplies: ‘ Through— Buying up entire stocks of manufacturer-suppliers._........_-- 482 ‘Charging dealers consumer prices on supplier stocks___.--.._._- 482 Refusing to sell to nonmembers._.-_..-..-----.------------- 482 Dealer misrepresenting business as:

Manufacturer______-..--.----------------------- 25, 337, 574, 643, 1152 Laboratory....-------------------------------- eee eee eee 244 Dealing on exclusive and tying basis in violation of: Sec. 3, Clayton Act— Discounts and rebates conditioned on exclusive purchasing___-_- 123 Exclusive contracts and practices__......-..--...---.-------- 861 Sec. 5, F. T. C. Act— Buying manufacturers’ output on excluding conditions__.__..._. 482 Deceptive offers. See Offering deceptive, etc. Delaying or withholding corrections, adjustments or returns: Through— Failing to acknowledge and act on complaints__..._.....------ 58 Delivered price basis: selling on identical. (See Combining, ete.)..-...- 1114 Delivery undertakings and sales contracts, future: combining to fix prices and hinder competition through. (See Combining, etc.)_....-__--.--. 1024 Demand or business opportunities, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Offering deceptive, etc.)_....---.----------------------- 454 “De minimis”, principle of as involved in cost studies and unjustified price differences_...........-------------- eee 998 Dentists’ indorsement of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Claiming, etc.)__...-.._..---------------------- eee eee 162 Deodorant qualities of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, ete.).------------------------ eee eee ee 64 INDEX 1519 DECISIONS AND ORDERS Page Department stores, discriminating as to. (See Discriminating in price) _._-.-----.---------------2------------------------ eee e 1018 Depiction of office building, using misleading: charges of complaint dismissed as to_-___------------------------------------ +--+ 152 Designations given purchasers, functional: as not controlling in discrimination proceeding if competition established among them___---------- 379 Direct buyers; paying illegal brokerage to. (See Discriminating in price) -- 10, 116, 967 Direct dealing saving, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Misrepresenting business status, etc.)____.__-_--_---------------------- 1152 Directions for use of depilatory, as affording reasonably safe basis__--_-_- 1077 Discontinuance of practice: 7 Charges dismissed on basis of, prior to issuance of complaint_-_----- 774 Issuance of order notwithstanding_-..--------------------- 116, 279, 706 Discount offers, discriminating in price through. (See Discriminating in price.)___..--------------- ~~ eee 1041, 1061, 1064 Discriminating in price, in violation of sec. 2, Clayton Act— Allowances for services and facilities 2 (d) “Prestige” customers.._._..___---------------------------- 1189, 1170 Savings, miscellaneous, as basis for____-.----------- 1041, 1061, 1064 As alleged_._..-.---------------------------------------------- 1015 Brokerage payments and acceptances 2 (c) “Advertising allowances”___.......------------------------- 404 Buyers, generally____...___.-.--------- 10, 116, 967, 1041, 1061, 1064 “Consignment contracts’...____-_--_--------------------- 437, 467 Contract service fees to buyers’ corporation._._.---.----------- 404 Group buying intermediaries_._.._....._--------------------- 404 Charges and prices generally 2 (a)_...___._.--------.-- 75, 100, 998, 1041 Allowances. _.-.----.--------.------------------- 1041, 1061, 1064 Automatic vending machine operators___------------ 1041, 1061, 1064 Branch store system_.__._..----------------+------------ 998, 1015 Chain stores_.......-_-.--------------------------- 634, 998, 1087 Consumer classification_..._.------.------------------------ 1069 Contractors or “‘applicators’”’._.._.---.---------------------- 379 Cumulative annual quantity rebates.________._-------------- 632 Department stores__......_.-.--.------------------- eee 1015 Discount offers_._._.._.-..-------------------------- 1041, 1061, 1064 Free deals_____.._-.----------------------------_ 1041, 1061, 1064 “House accounts’, department stores and small chains.-_------ 1016 “Jobbers’ discounts” to chain stores.._.--------------------- 632 Mail order houses_-...------- eee ee eee eee eee 998, 1015 Premium offers.._...--..------------------ a 1041, 1061, 1064 Rebates_._____.....--_--..---2__--___------------ 1041, 1061, 1064 Retail chains___.._.__--.-------.-------------------------- 1016 Furnishing and contracting to furnish services or facilities 2 (e) Chain stores__..._..-_.--------------------- 1041, 1061, 1064, 1087 “Prestige”? customers___..___.---.---------- een nen ne een 1189, 1170 Inducing and receiving discriminations 2 (f)___.-_----------------- 861 “Multi-Million Dollar Profit-Sharing plan’’ coupon books_------ 829 Disparaging or misrepresenting competitors or their products: Competitors— , Reliability and standing_....-.........--------------------- 482 Solvency and financial responsibility_......-..-.------------- 532 DECISIONS AND ORDERS Page Disparaging or misrepresenting competitors or their products—Continued Products— , Comparative merits_....__------------------------- 90, 147, 149, 162 Composition____..-------------------------------------- 147, 149 Performance. .----.------------------------------------- 147, 149 Qualities, properties or results— Cleansing.-_.._.------------------------------------ 147, 149: Medicinal, healthful_-_-.-----.------------------------ 532 Quality_....---------------------------- +--+ 147, 149, 482 Results__.._.--.--------..--------------------1--------- 147, 149 Safety__-------.------------------------------------ 147, 149, 648. Dividing territory in price-fixing program. (See Combining, etc.)______. 482: Doctor’s part in product, misrepresenting as to. (See Misbranding, etc.; Using misleading, etc.)..-_-.---------------------------- +--+ ee 361 Domestic: foreign products lacking marking accepted as__-__.___.-.-__- 847 Durability of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Misrepresenting directly, etc.)_---_---------------------- 2638, 279, 296, 568. Earnings or profits, misrepresenting. (See Advertising, etc.; Offering deceptive, etc.; Securing agents, etc.)_.......---------------_-- 1, 454, 817 Economic conditions, change in, as involved in dismissal of price discrimination complaint__._..-..-------------------------- eee nee ee 1189 Economizing qualities of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, ete.).-.-__--.------------------------------------------ 279, 643 Employees of competitors, enticing away. (See Enticing, etc.)__._..-_._ 532 English coat’ of arms: sanction of unauthorized use would ignore spirit of International Convention of 1934_..--_.-.-.------------------.- 755. Enticing away competitors’ employees— Through— Circulating false and disparaging statements___.._._.._-_---.-- 532 Offering financial and other advantages___.-.----------------- 532 Evidence:

Greater weight of, as involved in dismissal of complaint.-._-~__ 1144, 1152 Views of scientific witnesses as outweighing evidence to contrary-___-_ 179: Weight of, as failing to sustain charge of lack of safety of cosmetic preparation._.__-__-_--_-------------------------------- ---- 1077 Weight of as not sufficient to sustain charge of price conspiracy and monopoly_____.--.------------------------------------------ 1114 Exclusive dealing in violation of:

Sec. 3, Clayton Act. (See Dealing on exclusive, etc.)_._--.-_---- 123, 861 Sec. 5, F. T. C. Act. (See Combining, etc.; Dealing on exclusive, ete.) eee eee a 482;

Exclusive dealing contracts with distributors, cutting off competitors’ access to market through. (See Cutting off, etc.; Dealing on exclusive, ete.) _.-------------------------------e eeeeeeeeee 861 Expert testimony: as refuting alleged lack of safety of depilatory preparation__._-.__---------------------------------------------------- 1077 Export-import, misrepresenting business as. (See Advertising, etc.; Misprepresenting business status)_.____.-._-------------------------- 671 Facilities and services, discriminating as to, as alleged. (See Discriminating in price)__-__-_-- eee eee eee eee nee eee 1041, 1061, 1064, 1087, 1189 Failure to make material disclosure. See Neglecting, etc. Failure to reveal ingredients of hair dye as not constituting false advertisements bv reason of potential danger__......------------------------ 936: INDEX 1521 DECISIONS AND ORDERS Page False advertising. See Advertising falsely, ete. . False advertising: innuendos and suggestions as involved in-__..-.--_-_- 920 False trade name: contradicted rather than qualified by additional words._. 542 Federal agencies, Commission policy of cooperation with, as concerned in dismissal of complaint involving jurisdiction also under Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act___.__.--__------------------- 1020, 1111, 1181 Federal Communications Commission; misrepresenting certification by. (See Advertising, etc.; Misrepresenting business status.) -.--..---.-.-- 817 Federal Trade Commission Act, unfair methods of competition, etc., in violation of. See Unfair methods, etc.

Fire-resistant qualities of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, ete.)_.----------------------------------------------------- 82 Food and Drug Administration tests of cigarettes show great variation of nicotine content_......---.--.---------------------- eee 706 Foreign, misrepresenting domestic product as. (See Advertising, etc., Misbranding, etc.)_._._...--.------------------------------------ 39 Foreign properties and rights, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Misbranding, etc.)_._.__-..----------------------------------- 755 Foreign origin: lacking marking as to, products accepted by public as domestic._-..--------------------------------------------------- 847 Foreign source of product, failing to mark as to. (See Neglecting, etc.)-.. 847 “Formerly”: use of word, in connection with disapproved, and following new, corporate name, permitted for limited time........._.--..-.---. 321 Free deals, discriminating through..__......----------------- 1041, 1061, 1064 “Free’’, misrepresenting goods as. (See Advertising, etc.; Offering unfair, etc.)...------------------------- eee eee ee 133, 367, 682 Freight rate books: use of as incident to price fixing undertakings. (See Combining, etc.)_.._-..-.------------------- eee eee 1114 Functional designations given purchasers: as not controlling indiscrimination proceeding if competition established___.___.----_-------------- 379 Furnishing means and instrumentalities of misrepresentation and deception:

Through— Supplying misleading reports re competitive products___---- 147, 149 Future price quotations, exchanging. (See Combining, etc.)_.---------- 482 Future sales contracts and delivery undertaking: Combining to fix prices and hinder competition through. (See Combining, etc.)_.-.-------- 1024 Government indorsement or approval, misrepresenting as to. (See Adver- : tising, ete., Assuming, etc., Misrepresenting business status)-------- 542, 817 Government connection, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Assuming, etc.; Msirepresenting business status)---....-------------- 542 Group buying intermediaries, paying allowances to and through, unlawfully. (See Discriminating in price)_.--.-.------------------------ 404 Guarantees, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Offering unfair, ete.)_---- 2 eee eee eee eee eee 694 Gum trouble: preponderant weight of dental opinion as to.------------- 162 “Hand carved’, misrepresenting product as. (See Advertising, etc.) .--- 133 Harassment of litigants in needless reiteration through cumulative evidence should not be countenanced to establish factual basis for order_. 861 Healthful qualities of product, misrepresenting, as to. (See Advertising, etc.) History of Business, misrepresenting as to. (See advertising, etc., Misrepresenting business status) _...-..--.-.-.-----..-------------- 454, 817 DECISIONS AND ORDERS Page History of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Misbranding, etc.)....-.--------------+----------- 133, 223, 2638, 279, 643, 671 Hospitals’ indorsement, claiming falsely. (See Claiming, etc.; Using misleading, etc.)._.._-------------------------------------- =e 361 “House accounts”, discriminating as to. (See Discriminating in price)__. 1016 Identity of— Business, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Misrepresenting business status)._....--..----.------_-----_---- eee 967 Product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Misbranding, ete.) ---------------_------- eee 223 Illuminating qualities of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, ete.) ..----------------------------------------e--eeee 133 Imported, misrepresenting domestic product as. (See Advertising, etc.; Misbranding, etc.)--__-.-.-------.------------------- ~~ eee 755, 1162 Individual or special attention rendered clients, misrepresenting. (See Advertising, etc.; Offering deceptive, etc.)....-.....-_.-__-.-_------ 454 Indorsement or approval of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Claiming, etc.)..-.-_-_-----.------_---- 2 eee 162 Inducing breach of competitors’ contracts with customers: Through— Circulating disparaging statements concerning competitors-_-__- 532 Offering credit for part payments made competitors....._______: 532 Industry-wide basis, motion for recall of complaint and corrective action... 1122 Infringement suits, threating, not in good faith. (See Coercing, ete.)__.. 193 Insecticidal qualities of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.) _--------------------------------------- eee 313, 671 Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, as vesting primary jurisdiction in Secretary of Agriculture, and dismissal of complaint... 1020, 1111, 1131 Interfering with competitors and their goods: Through— Instigating unfounded law suits_._...--.-.-_._.--.-.-------- 532 Intermediary, group buying: Paying unlawful allowances to and through. (See Discriminating in price)__..__..._..__--.--------_---- ee eee 404 International Convention of 1934, as prohibiting unauthorized use of English coat of arms, or simulation, with words ‘‘Made in U.S. A”... 755 Innuendoes, as involved or considered in appraising advertising._...____- 920 Intimidating. See Coercing and intimidating. Tron, lack of, as responsible for anemia and other ailments____-__-..----- 920 Job and employment opportunities, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Offering unfair, ete.)__.._--_--_------..----_-_--------- 454 Job guarantee and employment service, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, ete.; Offering unfair, etc.)_.._-..-_----.--_.-__--------- 817 “Jobbers’ discounts” to chain stores, discriminating in price through. (See Discriminating in price.)_._----------------------------------- 632 Labeling products falsely. See Misbranding or mislabeling. Laboratory, dealer misrepresenting business as. (See Advertising, etc.; Assuming, etc.; Misrepresenting business status.)__........-------- 244, 643 Law suits, instigating unfounded, against competitors. (See Interfering, etc.) ----- 2-2-2 +--+ +--+ +--+ -- Ne ee eee ene ee eee 5382 Licensing unpatented products unlawfully. (See Using patents, etc.).... 198 Limiting distribution to member channels. (See Combining, etc.)__----- 482 Localized price cutting to restrain and monopolize trade. (See Comhining ete ) . . . . Wits - INDEX a - | 1523 DECISIONS. AND: ORDERS fo: Page Location of business, misrepresenting asto, (See Advertising, etc.; Mis-.-. representing business status, Misrepresenting directly, ete,)_--.----- 574, 967 Lottery devices, selling in commerce. (See Aiding, etc., Using or selling, etc.) .------------------------+-----2------------- 1, 18, 25, 682, 808, 984 Lottery devises or schemes, using or furnishing, ¢ as alleged__..._-__- 1096, 1106 Lottery schemes:

Desist order in case of disclaimers, including words “or due to. such design may constitute” .__.-.----------------------=---L-+------ 46 Desist orders should be sufficient to enjoin use of merchandise plans _ including disclaimers___.__._.--.----------------------+------ 47 Only differences between orders of Courts and Commission involve — construction of language__._____..--_-------------------------- 47 Remedy not intended to reach plans free of lottery element but’ which could be corrupted so as to be used therewith. ..----------- 47 Type of order adopted in 1942 intended to apply only to plans which might be used as lotteries, due to manner of packaging merchandise_ 47 Lottery schemes with disclaimers: remedy should reach variations which lend themselves to operation of lottery.__------.------------------- 606 Mail-order business, small individual: misrepresented as school. See Advertising, etc.; Assuming, etc.; Misrepresenting business, etc.) -__-_- 454 Mail order houses: discriminating in favor of. (See Diseriminating in. ° price.)__...-__----------------------------------------------5--- 998 National: Cost studies re discounts to_..-.----------------------- 998 Discriminating as to. (See Discriminating in price.)_-...__.__-__-- 1015 Maker of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Misbranding, etc.; Using misleading, etc.)_---.__---.-------------- 223, 553, 910 Manufacture or preparation of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Misbranding, etc.; Using misleading, etc.)........___-- 39, 133, 215, 223, 361, 397, 568, 694, 735, 853, 910, 1152 Manufacturer, dealer misrepresenting business as. (See Advertising, etc.; Assuming, etc.; Misrepresenting business status)._ 25, 268, 337, 574, 643, 1152 “ Massage’: Meaning of word as used by dentists____---_._------------.- 162 Medical expert testimony: as refuting alleged lack of safety of depilatory preparation____.._---------------------------------------------- 1077 Medicinal qualities of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Using misleading, etc.)_-_-.-.---_-------------------------- 162, 255, 321, 346, 388, 447, 558, 579, 643, 836, 853, 898, 920, 936 Meetings: As incident to price fixing undertakings. (See Combining, ete.) 1114 Middleman, false claim of eliminating and of saving through direct dealing, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Misrepresenting business status)._.....--_-.--._.---- 2 eee 1152 Misbranding or mislabeling:

As to— Business status, advantages or connections— Connections— British Royal Warrant Holder__.-._--.------.-.---- 755 Composition of product_.--._-_-__------------------------- 361 Wool Products Labeling Act____- 767, 794, 800, 855, 952, 1073 Contents of product_--_----.---_-...-.------- 2 ee 223 History of product.__..._._._.--.-..----------------------- 223 Identity of product.__...-...-----_-----_----------_- weenee 223 854002—52——99 DECISIONS AND ORDERS Mo Page Misbranding or mislabeling—Continued As to—Continued . Indorsements— Hospitals......_.------------------------------------- 361 Manufacture or preparation of product.....-------------- 39, 223, 568 Doctor___.....-.------------------------------------- 361 Old or second-hand product being new------.---------------- 223 Properties and rights— Foreign... .------------------------------------------- 755 Qualities or properties of product— Anti-freeze._.......--.-------------------------------- 49 Water-proofing.-_...---------------------------------- 152 Scientific or other relevant facts..._._----------------------- 568 Source or origin of product— Domestic product being imported.-.--.------------------ 755 Maker___._..--_------------------------------- 223, 558, 910 Place— Foreign in general____....------------------------- 39 Wool Products Labeling Act_-_------------------- 800, 855, 952 Misrepresenting business status, advantages or connections: As to— Authorized distributor. .---_.---------------------------- 454, 967 Bonded business__...____-.-------------------------------- 454 Branch offices___....._.--.-------------------------------- 574 Connections__._.____-_.---------------------------------- 967 Dealer being— Chemical concern or engineers_-___..-.------------------ 263 Laboratory ...-..----------------------------------- 244, 643 Manufacturer.__.-_--------------------- 25, 337, 574, 643, 1152 Direct dealer saving----------------+---------------------- 1182 Fictitious collection agency. -_.----------------------------- 643 Government connection..___.-.---------------------------- 542 Government indorsement or approval____..------------------ 542 Federal Communications Commission_-_-.---------------- 817 History of business_-.--.--------------------------------- 454, 817 Export-import_--------------------------------------- 671 Identity__....-.-.---------------------------------------- 967 Individual or private business being educational, religious or research institution— Institute___..-...-----_------------------------------ 321 Research foundation__.__..-_--.--------------------- 321, 558 School_____-_-_------_---------------+---------------- 454 Location._._._..----------------------------------- 133, 574, 967 Nature of business.._.__._.._-.---------------------------- 263 Organization and operation. ____----.----------------------- 967 Personnel or staff_.._.._..----------------------- 258, 263, 454, 643 Plent or equipment._____---------------------------------- 454 Qualifications. ___.-.-..------------------------ beeen ene 671, 817 Reputation, success or standing----...-.------------------ 817 Stock, product or service__-..------------------------------ 107 Time in business. _...__.___--_---------------------------- 671 Unique nature of business_---..---------------------------- 967 INDEX 1525 DECISIONS AND ORDERS Page Misrepresenting directly or orally by self or representatives: As to— Business status, advantages or connections— Branches. ___._.------------------+--- eee 574 Dealer being manufacturer___...------------------------ 574 Location. _..-_.- 2 +--+ eee eee ee ene ee 574 Personnel or staff......-.-..------------------------- 253, 263 Comparative merits of product...-.--------------- 147, 149, 253, 568 Competitive products_.__.--------------------------- 147, 149, 643 Competitors and their products__.-..----------------------- 532 Individual’s special selection or situation. ._..-..------------- 253 Old product being new--_---------------------------------- 253 Prices_..-....-----------+---------- + - - eee eee ene 253 Qualities or properties of product— Durability......_.-_----------------------------- =e 568 Medicinal, therapeutic, remedial and healthful__---------- 5382 Scientific or other relevant facts........--------------- 532, 568, 648 Source or origin or product— , Maker___..--_------------.--------------- + --- +e ee 553 Special or limited offers. -_--------------------------------- 253 Success, use or standing of product..---_-.------------------ 253 Terms and conditions. .....-_------------------------------ 5382 Tests... -.--------- ee e eee eeeeeeeee 568 Misrepresenting prices:

As to— Exaggerated, fictious being regular___..-_-.------------------ 253 “ One-Cent Sales’... .-.--------- + --- eee eee 774 Retail being wholesale____-_ bone ee nee eee nen ene ene enn 107 Usual being special reduced__..~._..----------------------- 2538, 694 Monopolize trade, combining to. See Combining and conspiring. Monopoly: evidence as not sufficient to sustain charge of_-.----------- 1114 Moot: question at issue as become, as involved in dismissal of complaint... 1152 “Multi-million dollar profit-sharing plan’? coupon books, discriminating through. (See Discriminating in price.)__.------------------------- 829 Multiple charges in price discrimination complaints as involved in dis- | missal of... _._---------------------------------------- 1041, 1061-1064 Name of product, using misleading. (See Using misleading, ete.) _------- 49, 152, 361, 388, 568 Nature of: , Business, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, ete.; Assuming, ete.; Misrepresenting business status) --------~------------------ 263 Product, misrepresenting as to. (Sce Advertising, etc., Using misleading, etc.)_--.----------------- 133, 263, 279, 296, 671, 682, 786, 1032 Neglecting unfairly or deceptively to make material disclosure: As to— Composition of product— Wool Products Labeling Act--------- 767, 794, 800, 855, 952, 1073 New-appearing product being old or secondhand- ----------- 107, 626 Qualities or properties of product— Anti-freeze_._-__--------------- eee eee eee nee 49 Safety___---- coe eee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee eens 179, 244, 388 Source or origin of product— :

Foreign being domestic...------------------------------ 847 Woo! Products Tahelino Act RAN RAR DECISIONS AND ORDERS Page New-appearing product being old or used, neglecting to reveal. (See Neglecting, etc.) --..------------------------------------------- i07, 626 Nicotine: :

No known process which it may be reduced in cigarettes..__..----. 706 Not a therpaeutic agent_-._-_--.--.---------------------------- 706 Not practically possible to maintain consistency in cigarettes__._.--. 735 Nondisclosure, deceptive. See Neglecting, ete. Nonfading qualities of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, ete.) _..------------------------------------------ +--+ ---- 268, 279, 296 “Notice to purchasers”: as not sufficient to cure lottery merchandising scheme____-_---------------------------------- eee eae eee ee eee 808 Obliterating law-required marking. (See Concealing or obliterating, etc.). 800 Offering deceptive inducements to purchase. (Se¢ also Unfair methods, etc.) Through representing or offering, falsely or misleadingly Earnings cf graduates_.....------------------------------ 454, 817 Free goods_._-_------------------------------------- 133, 367, 682 Guarantees_....--.--------------------------------------- 694 Individual’s special selection or situation. ....._-------------- 253 Jobs and employment.__--.--------~--------------------- 454, 817 Limited offers or supply._---------------------------------- 253 Offers deceptively made and avoided_..._..------------------ 694. Opportunities in product or service_.-.----------------------- 454 Premiums and premium offers___..-------------------------- 367 Returns and replacements-_--------------------------------- 694 Sample, offer or order conformance_._.-----.---------------- 58, 107 Special or limited offers.__....----------------------------- 694 Terms and conditions..._._..__--------------------- 367, 532, 643, 817 “One Cent Sales’”..-__..------------------------------- 774 Undertakings in general___...__---------------------------- 454 Office building, depicting misleadingly: charges of complaint dismissed as tO____..--------------------------------------5-------------- 152 Old product being new, misrepresenting as to (See Advertising, etc.; Misbranding, etc., Misrepresenting, directly, etc.; Neglecting, etc.) .------- 107, 223, 253, 910 “One-Cent Sales’, misrepresenting prices through advertising. (See Advertising, etc.; Misrepresenting prices, etc.; Offering unfair, etc.)---. 774 Opportunities in product or service, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Offering, etc.)_..-.------------------------------------ 454 Oral misrepresentations by self or representatives. See Misrepresenting directly, etc.

Order of Commission not as stringent or broad as that which respondent agreed to in stipulation___--_------------------------------------- 861 Orders for merchandise: percentage of push card advertising literature received_..___.-------------------------+----------------------- 682 Orders of customers: inducing cancellation of. (See Inducing breach, etc.) 532 Orders, misrepresenting conformance to. (See Offering unfair, etc.)---- 58, 107 Organization of business, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc., Misrepresenting business status)_.._-..---------------------------- 967 Origin or source of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Misbranding, etc.; Misrepresenting directly, etc; Using misleading, etc.) ...------------ eee eee 39, 183, 223, 755, 910 Passing off product as another’s.__--------~------------------------- 553 INDEX 1527 DECISIONS AND ORDERS Pago Patent rights, using unlawfully in price-fixing ‘program. (See Using patents, etc.)__...-.---------------- e+e ee 193 Peat industry, trade practice conference rules for: acceptance of as involved in dismissal of complaint-.-...-----..---------2------_- 1162, 1168 “Perma Plastic’:

“Exterior,” “Interior,” ete., charges of complaint as to, not sustained in certain respects___..----------------.---------------- eee 296 Personnel or staff, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Assuming, etc., Misrepresenting business status, Misrepresenting directly, etc.)... 253, 263, 454, 643 Pimples: stipulations that they disappeared following use of preparation not acceptable____..-_-__--------------- eee 898 Place of business, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Assuming, etc.; Misrepresenting business status.)_.........._.__..----_----_____. 133 Place of business, using misleading depiction as to: Charges of complaint dismissed as to......._.-.....---.---------- 152 Place of origin of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Misbranding, ete,)..._------------------------------------------ 39, 133 Plant or equipment, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, ete.; Assuming, etc.; Misrepresenting business status)_....-..-.-.----.--------. 454 “Plasti-cote”’ As product name, charges of complaint not sustained as to________ 279, 296 As trade name, charges of complaint not sustained as to_____._____- 296 “Exterior,” “Interior,” etc., charges of complaint not sustained as to, in certain respects. __--.----------------------- eee 279 Paints, charges of complaint not sustained as to, in certain respects... 296 “Plastic” paint: no findings made as to whether products might properly be referred to as_.._---------------------------------------- 263, 279, 296 Plastic products, molded: articles applied to and characteristics_________ 263 Plastics: raw materials of, long used in protective coating industry. 263, 279, 296 Policing deviations from pricing practices. (See Combining, etc.)___.__- ' 482 Practices, unfair or deceptive, condemned in this volume. See Unfair methods, etc.

Premiums and premium offers, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Offering, etc.)__-..--_------.-.-.----------- eee eee 367 Premium offers, discriminating im price through. (See Discriminating in price.)_-..---------------------------------- eee eee 1041, 1061, 1064 “Prestige” customers, discriminating in price as to. (See Discriminating in price.) _._------------- 0-2-2 eee eee eee 1189, 1170 Preventive or protective qualities of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.).-....----------._--------- eee 162, 643 Price conspiracy: evidence as not sufficient to sustain charge of_...-__._- 1114 Price cutting, localized: to restrain and monopolize trade. (See Combining, etc.)---.--------------.--------------- ee eeeee 1114 Price differences: of less than 10 percent not considered in discrimination case.__--.-.--.------------ 2 eee 632 Price differences, and principle of ‘‘de minimis,” as involved in unjustified, and cost studies____...----_----------------------------- eee 998 Price, discriminating in. See Discriminating in price. Price discrimination: responsibility of determining primarily entrusted to Commission, as decided by Morton Sali case...._.__..---.-_--------- 632 DECISIONS AND ORDERS ; Page Price discrimination under sec. 2, Clayton Act. See Discriminating in price.

Price filing: as incident to price fixing undertakings. (See Combining, ete.) ---------------- eee eee 1114 Price fixing, concerted. (See Combining or conspiring.) Price-fixing through licensing unpatented product. (See Using patents, CC 1938 Price lists and quotations, exchanging. (See Combining or conspiring.) Price misrepresentation, charge of complaint dismissed as to--_.......-- 223 Prices: charge of false advertising of, as not supported___..__--___.--- 215 Prices, misrepresenting. (See Advertising, etc.; Misrepresenting directly, Misrepresenting prices.)--_.-_..-..-.--------------- 107, 253, 694, 774 Private controversy, motion based on, to dismiss price discrimination, complaint as not affording sufficient basis.-_...__-.._...------------ 1069 Product or trade name, using misleading. Sce Using misleading, etc. Product name:

“‘Cello-Plastic”’ as charges of complaint not sustained as to-.-----.-. 263 “Plasti-cote” as, charges of complaint not sustained as to_..____.__- 279 Prominent persons, claiming indorsement by. (See Advertising, etc.; Claiming, ete.)__-..-.-----.--------_----- eee 706 Product name, using misleading. (See Using Misleading, etc.)__.--..._ 49, 152 361, 388, 568, 1032 Propertiés and rights, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc., Misbranding, etc.._-____...-_----_---- 22 eee 755 Public acceptance of rayon products as made of natural fibers____._____. 952 Public preference for:

Buying from manufacturers_..._....-...-.-.-------------------- 25 Products of domestic manufacture__._......--_.-.------------_-- 847 Silk over rayon products_..--.._._.-..---.- eee ee 952 Puffery: advertising as, and unlikely to deceive___.._.........__.-_-_-- 162 Qualifications of seller, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Misrepresenting business status.)_..__.._.....-.-.---------------- 671, 817 Qualities or properties of product, misrepresenting as to. See Advertising, etc.; Misbranding, etc.; Misrepresenting directly, etc.; Neglecting, etc.

Quality of competitor’s product, disparaging. (See Disparaging, etc.).-. _ 482 Quality of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.)_ 107, 367, 397 Quantity rebates, cumulative annual: discriminating in price through. (See Discriminating in price.)........-....-------- -------- --___--- 632 Radio tubes:

Inability of public to distinguish from “rectifiers” ____......._----- 397 Public understanding as to effect of number in set_____-__...=+----- 215 Rayon products: accepted by public as natural fiber_........_.-------- 952 Rebates: discriminating in price through. (See Discriminating in price.)_ 632, 1041, 1061, 1064 Recall of complaint, motion for, and for consideration of matter involved on industry-wide basis “Rectifier” tubes: inability of public to distinguish from “receiving tubes’. 397 Refusing to sell to non-members. (See Combining, ete.; Cutting off competitors’ supplies.)_......-._... 2-2 eee eee eee eee ee Relevant or scientific facts, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.) ------- eee eee 90 INDEX 1529 DECISIONS AND ORDERS Page Representations: if false and misleading discontinued, but truth thereof insisted on, as requiring cease and desist order___._--_-------------. 279 Representatives or agents, securing through false and misleading representations. (See Advertising, etc.; Securing agents etc.)...-_.----- --- 367 Resale prices, fixing, observing and enforcing dealer. (See Combining, ete.) -------- +--+ ene een 482 Research institution, misrepresenting private business as. (See Advertising, etc.; Assuming, etc.; Misrepresenting business status, Misrepresenting directly, etc.)_.__-_----.-..---------.--_----__----_----- 321, 558 Retail prices, misrepresenting as wholesale. (See Misrepresenting prices.) _..-.--------2 eee eee eee 10? Returns, delaying or withholding. (See Delaying or withholding, etc.) _- 58 Returns and replacements, misrepresenting as to. (See Offering unfair, ete.) --.---- eee bu Rhubarb root and senna: potential danger not sufficient to require affirmative disclosure_____.-------------.-------------- eee eee 57% Royal Warrant insigne: absolute prohibition of use of, necessary to eliminate deception_.__._--...-.-----..--.-_---___-- eee eee 755 Safety of competitor’s product, misrepresenting as to. (See Disparaging, etc., Misrepresenting directly, etc.)_...-.-...-..---------_-_- 147, 149, 643 Safety of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc., Neglecting, ete.)_-.--------------------------- 47, 64, 179, 244, 313, 388, 936, 1077 Sales contracts and delivery undertakings, future: combining to fix prices and hinder competition through. (See Combining, etc.)__....-- 1024 Sample, misrepresenting conformance of product to. (See Advertising, etc.; Offering unfair, etc.)___.._.-.._----------------------------- 58, 107 Savings, discriminating through allowances for services and facilities, on basis of. (See Discriminating in price.).........-_.---_--- 1041, 1061-1064 School, misrepresenting individual mail-order business as. (See Advertising, etc.; Assuming, etc.; Misrepresenting business, etc.)_._.....---- 454 Scientific or other relevant facts, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Misbranding, etc.; Misrepresenting directly, etc.)_.90, 162, 179, 255, 313, 321, 337, 346, 454, 532, 568, 579, 648, 671, 694, 706, 735, 853, 920 Scientific witnesses; testimony of, as outweighing evidence to contrary... 179 Secretary of Agriculture, as having primary jurisdiction under Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act with resulting dismissal of complaint... 1020, 1111, 1131 Securing agents through false and misleading representations: Misrepresenting earnings and profits...._....-_..----_-.-.------- 1 Terms and conditions........-_-..-.-.--.----- 2 -- ee eee -- 367, 682 Senna and rhubarb root: potential danger not sufficient to require affirmative disclosure__..--------------------------------+--- eee 579 Service fees to buyers’ corporation, unlawful payment of. (See Discriminating in price)___.._..._...-__------1---------- eee eee eee 404 Services and facilities, discriminating in price through. (See Discriminating in price.)._...---..------ 2-2 ee eee 1041, 1061-1064, 1087 Silk: public preference for over rayon_._.-_..-.----.------------------ 952 Smoking tobacco: , Tarry substances in, have irritating effect on mouth and throat membranes_-.---L------.-------------- eee eee 735 DECISIONS AND ORDERS Page Source of product:

Misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Assuming, etc.; Misbranding, etc.; Misrepresenting, directly, etc.; Passing off, etc.; Using misleading, etc.)-...---.----------------------- 89, 133, 223, 553 Misbranding as to, under Wool Products Labeling Act. (See Misbranding, etc.; Neglecting, etc.)...-------------- 767, 794, 800, 855, 952 Special or limited offers, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc. Misrepresenting directly, etc., Offering unfair, etc.)..__.----------- 2538, 694 Special selection, misrepresenting as to individual’s. (See Advertising, etc., Misrepresenting directly, etc., Offering unfair, etc.)..-___-.------ 253 Specifications: . .

Designing to exclude competitive products. (See Combining, etc.)-. 1114 Standardizing product and, incident to price fixing program. (See Combining, etc.)___.---------------------------------------- 1114 Standardizing product and specifications, incident to price fixing program. (See Combining, etc.).__..---.------------------------------------ 1114 Statistics: exchange of, as incident to price fixing undertakings. (See Combining, etc.) __.--------------------------------------------- 1114 Stilbestrol: not effective, as claimed, in cosmetic____._----------------- 447 Stipulated order, as involved in subsequent course of Commission proceedings.....-..------------------------------------------------ 861 Stipulation policy, complaint dismissed for failure to conform to-~---- 1096, 1106 Stock, misrepresenting. (See Advertising, etc., Misrepresenting business status) .._....---_------------------------------------- 107 Success or use of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc., Misrepresenting directly, etc.)__.------------------------ --- 162, 258, 671 Suggestions; as involved or considered in appraising advertising... .------ 920 Surplusage in price discrimination complaints: as involved in dismissal of... ee -- eee eee eee 1041, 1061, 1064 “Survey”: implication of word as used in advertising-___....----------- 162 Symptoms, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.) ...----------- 162 Teeth, effect of product on: charges of complaint dismissed as to-------- 162 Terms and conditions of sale, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Misrepresenting directly, etc.; Offering unfair, etc., Securing agents, etc.) __.---.------- +--+ +--+ + 367, 532, 643, 682, 817 Testimonials, misrepresenting through misleading. (See Advertising, etc.). 706 Tests, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc. Misrepresenting directly, etc.)..__------------------------------------------------ 568 Therapeutic properties of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.) Threatening infringement suits, not in good faith. (See Coercing, etc.)-- 193 Time in business, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc., Misrepresenting business status.)_.----------------------------------- 671 Tobacco, smoking. (See Smoking tobacco.) Trade-in allowances and prices, fixing concertedly. (See Combining, etc.). 482 Trade-mark and patent rights; using unlawfully, in price-fixing program. (See Using patents, etc.)..-_-------------------------------------- 193 Trade name:

“Cello-Nu”, as, charges of complaint not sustained as to__..------- 279 “Cello-Plastic” as, charge of complaint not sustained.as to_.-------- 263 “Plasti-cote”’, charges of complaint not sustained as to------------- 296 When false per se, as contradicted rather than qualified by additional wan INDEX 1531 DECISIONS AND ORDERS Page ‘Trade or product name:

As not employed by customers in finished product, and complaint dismissed..._.___-------------------------------------------- 1082 Using misleading. (See Using misleading, etc.). 49, 152, 361, 388, 568, 1032 Trade practice conference rules: acceptance of as involved in dismissal of complaint__._--.------------------------------------------- 1162, 1168 Trade practice conference rules, proposed: as concerned in denial of motion b for corrective action on industry-wide basis______.......------------ 1122 Trial examiner’s recommended decision: order disagreeing with._._..___.. 898 ‘Tying contracts. (See Dealing on exclusive, etc.)__----.---------.-- 128, 861 Undertakings in general, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.; Offering deceptive, etc)_--------------------------------------- ee 454 Unfair methods of competition and unfair or deceptive acts or practices condemned in this volume. See— Advertising falsely or misleadingly.

Aiding, assisting or abetting unfair or unlawful act or practice. Assuming or using misleading trade or corporate name, Claiming or using indorsements or testimonials falsely or misleadingly. Coercing and intimidating.

Combining or conspiring. ;

Concealing or obliterating law required and informative markings. Cutting off competitors’ access to customers and market. Cutting off competitors’ supplies.

Dealing on exclusive and tying basis.

Delaying or withholding corrections, adjustments or returns. Discriminating in price.

Disparaging or misrepresenting competitors or their products. Enticing away competitors’ employees.

Furnishing means and instrumentalities of misrepresentation and deception.

Inducing breach of competitors’ contracts with customers. Interfering with competitors and their goods. Misbranding or mislabeling. © Misrepresenting business status, advantages or connections. Misrepresenting directly or orally by self or representatives. Misrepresenting prices.

Neglecting, unfairly or deceptively, to make material disclosure. Offering unfair, improper or deceptive inducements to purchase. Passing off.

Securing agents or representatives falsely or misleadingly. Using misleading product name or title.

Using or selling lottery devices or schemes. Using patents, rights or privileges, unlawfully. Unique nature of — Business, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, ete.; Misrepresenting business status)_.._......---------------------------------- 967 Product, misrepresenting as to. Gee Advertising, etc.)__.-..-.--.- 263, 279, 296, 313, 643, 671 Unpatented products: Licensing sale ¢ of unlawfully, in price fixing. (See Using patents, etc.).-_.-_-----.------------------------------ 1938 Use of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.) 162, 253, 671 DECISION AND ORDERS ~ Page Using misleading product name or title:

As to— Composition of product.....------------.---------------- 361, 786 Indorsements— Hospitals.._.___-.-------------------------------- eee 361 Manufacture or preparation of product_.._...._..-_.-._-_____ 568 Doctor__-------------------------------- eee 861 Nature of product._-...-.-------.------- eee 786, 1032 Prices— “One-cent Sales’ _--.-_.--__-------------- eee ee 774 Qualities, properties, or results of product— Anti-freeze__-_-.---.---.-------------- eee 49 Durability...----------------------- 2 +e ee . 568. Medicinal____-..------------------------- 2-2 eee 388 Water-proofing.-_.-_--.-------------------------- eee 152 Source or origin of product— Maker. -_.---------------------------- eee 910 Using or selling lottery devices or schemes— Selling lottery devices._...._-_.__- 1, 18, 25, 606, 682, 808, 984, 1096, 1106 Using in merchandising__.--....---_.-.-----.-------- 25, 984, 1096, 1106 Using patents, rights or privileges unlawfully: To— Divert trade in, or exploit sale of, unpatented products_________ 193 Fix prices through licensing agreements exceeding patent monopoly_----------------------------- +e -eeeeenee 193 Fix resale price of unpatented part, in patent combination system. 193 Value of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc.)_--.--__- 367 Vending machines, discriminating in price in favor of operators of. (See Discriminating in price.)_-_--.-.----------------.-------- 1041, 1061, 1064 Wartime conditions: as involved in dismissal of complaint_._-__ 1185, 1164, 1170 Wartime controls: as involved in dismissal of price discrimination complaint.....__--_---2------ e eo none eee eee eee eee eee 1069 Waste of government funds in needless reiteration through cumulative evidence should not be countenanced to establish factual basisfor order... 861 _ Water-proofing qualities of product, misrepresenting as to. (See Advertising, etc; Misbranding, etc; Using misleading, etc.)......---..- 152, 279 **Webster’s”’:

Meaning of word to public.__..____..----------------------- ee 223° Use in title of dictionaries held not misleading and charge thereof not sustained by evidence.....-...-...-.-.------.------4------ ee 223. Weight of evidence:

As failing to sustain charge of lack of safety of cosmetic preparation... 1077 As not sufficient to sustain charge of price conspiracy and monopoly_. 1114 Wholesalers: discrimination among as not established___.....-..------- 379 Witnesses: testimony of scientific, as outweighing evidence to contrary... 179 Wool Products Labeling Act:

If deviation result of unavoidable manufacturing variations___.---- 1078 Misbranding in violation of. (See Concealing, etc.; Misbranding, etc.; Neglecting, etc.)...-.-.------------.------ 767, 794, 800, 855, 952. INDEX 1583 STIPULATIONS Page Advertising falsely or misleadingly:

As to— Awards— Nation-wide contests__..-.------------------------ 1188 (7881) Business status, advantages or connections.-.----------- 1242 (8028) Acereditation___...----.------------------------- 1207 (7935) Correspondence school being college or institute-..... 1191 (7891), 1202 (7924), 1207 (7935), 1211 (7947) Dealer being— Importer..---------------------- 1199 (7917), 1228 (7991) Manufacturer___--.------------------------- 1190 (7888), 1190 (7889), 1215 (7958), 1229 (7992), 1229 (7993) Nursery..-------------------- 2-2 ene 1204 (7929) Refiner_.--_.-------------------------------+ 1232 (8000) Licensed by State Government...------------------ 1207 (7937) Local branches__--------------------------------- 1210 (7948) Organization_------------------------------------ 1207 (79386) Personnel or staff__..------ 1202 (7924), 1207 (7935), 1235 (8010) Private business being— Association_..------------------------------- 1192 (7895) | Institution. ..------.----------+--------------- 1197 (7913) Producer status— Diamond cutters___.-----.------------------- 1228 (7991) Qualifications__-_.------------------------------- 1211 (7947) Regional branches_-------~------------------------ 1211 (7947) Size and importance_-._-------------------------- 1208 (7939) Source— Foreign-------- eee eee ene nee ee en nnn o anne 1213 (7952) Unique nature-.-.-------------------- 1223 (7977), 1235 (8009) Certification of product------.------------------------ 1182 (3894) Combination offer......------------------------------ 1203 (7927) Comparative merits____---------------------------------7-- 1177, 1185 (7874), 1193 (7898), 1200 (7919), 1200 (7920), 1212 (7948), 1212 (7949), 1215 (7958), 1221 (7974), 1239 (8018), 1240 (8021), 1241 (8024), 1242 (8027).

By depiction__.---------------------------------- 1190 (7890) Comparative prices. -.-------------------------------- 1190 (7890) Competitive products--------------------- _---- 1181, 1200 (7920), 1221 (7974), 1228 (7991), 1230 (7995), 1237 (8014), 1287 (8015) Composition_-.------------~---------------------7-- 5007077 1177, 1184 (7871), 1189 (7885), 1189 (7886), 1191 (7893), 1192 (7894), 1192 (7896), 1199 (7916), 1199 (7917), 1202 (7925), 1206 (7934), 1212 (7948), 1212 (7950), 1217 (7965), 1218 (7966), 1218 (7968), 1219 (7969), 1221 (7974), 1222 (7976), 1234 (8006), 1237 (8015), 1239 (8020), 1240 (8021), 12438.

Gold..._._-.--------- eee ee ee nee 4--- 1208 (7939) “Tinen”? _.. eee eee ee ene ee eee 1239 (8020) Nylon”... -.---------- eee nee renner 1239 (8020) _ Content_.__-.-.-------------------------- 1205 (7980), 1207 (7935) Domestic products being imported_---------- 1188 (7884), 1225 (7981) 1534 + FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION DECISIONS STIPULATIONS Page Advertising falsely or misleadingly-—Continued As to—Continued Exhibition__..__..-222222- eee 1210 (7948) Functional effectiveness. .......--._...-._______.__ 1195 (7905) Government— Inspection, approval. _..---_--_--_-_- 2 1231 (7996) Guarantees, refunds, ete.....--....- 222-28 1182 (3894), 1223 (7977) History.--.----------- 2-2-2 eee 1187 (7880), 1191 (7892), 1200 (7920), 1209 (7941), 1215 (7959), 1233 (8004), 1235 (8010) 1241 (8025).

Identity____.-----.----------- eee 1235 (8010) Indorsements or approval of product__. 1177, 1222 (7976), 1238 (8017) Churches and educators-_-.-...----.-------------- 1207 (7935) Doctors.-__--..----.----------- eee eee 1183 Hospitals_.._-...--....-.-2.---- eee 1210 (7945) Medical Association_._............-..-.-----_-_---____. 1181 Municipalities or States......-....-----__-.___ oe 1199 (7917) Physicians....-.-.-.---------. Lee 1238 (8016) State governments._.._....-.----.-----------.---- . 1193 (7898) U. S. Government____-__----_-- eee 1205 (7931), 1231 (7996) Manufacture or preparation of product........--.----__ 1188 (7884), 1206 (7933), 1208 (7938), 1209 (7940), 1218 (7966), 1226 (7985) Army specification__........--....-----------_ eee 1243 Precision built....-.-.-2-_-_-2 ee eee 1185 (7872) Nature of product_..._2---....____----------_____. 1192 (7896), 1194 (7901), 1197 (7911), 1198 (7915), 1209 (7942), 1218 (7968), 1234 (8006), 1243.

By symbols. .____--...-..---.------------__________ ee 1181 Offer conformance.__..-_-_..---___---___.__..___--__- 1204 (7929) Old being new_________-______---_-__ ee 1220 (7973) Opportunities. _......-----_-_. 1191 (7891), 1205 (7930), 1211 (7947) Prices__-_...-.-----.------------ eee 1200 (7918), 1214 (7956), 1226 (7985), 1235 (8010), 1239 (8020) Ceiling... 22k 1211 (7947) Qualities, properties or results of product— Anti-freeze_...-....---222- eee 1187 (7879) Antiseptic, germicidal._...__.._._______ 1199 (7917), 1209 (7941) Auxiliary, improving and supplementary_--.--_____ . 1188 (7882), 1197 (7912), 1229 (7992, 7993), 1230 (7994) Cleansing___..-_----.20 02-22 1181 Color-fast..-...---------.-.-___ ee 1214 (7954) Cooling, refrigerating--.........___--.---_-___---- 1222 (7975) Cosmetic-___...-.2------ eee 1234 (8007), 1237 (8015) Deodorant_.__-_...-...-- 222-22 eee eee 1189 (7886) Disease-free...._....------- eee 1207 (7937) Durability or permanence.___.__-._---.-__.-____- 1182 (3483), ' 1187 (7878), 1188 (7883), 1197 (7910), 1198 (7915), 1210 (7944), 1212 (7948), 1232 (8002), 1233 (8003), 1233 (8004), 1234 (8005), 1237 (8013), 1240 (8022), 1241 (8024).

Dustproof.-..-.-- 222s e----- eee 1212 (7948) Economizing.___.._...-...-.--..----_---_-_-_-_ee 1199 (7916), 1216 (7961), 1229 (7992), 1229 (7993), 1230 (7994), 1232 (7999) INDEX 1585 STIPULATIONS ;

Page Advertising falsely or misleadingly —Continued As to— Qualities, properties or results of product—Continued Educational._.-.-.------------------------------- 1205 (7930) Functional effectiveness_-_...-._..---.------------ 1185 (7872), 1187 (7878), 1195 (7903), 1195 (7904), 1196 (7907), 1196 (7908), 1196 (7909), 1214 (7953), 1222 (7976), 1225 (7982), 1228 (7990), 1231 (7998), 1232 (7999), 1241 (8025), 1242 (8028). Functional operation._...-_----------------------- 1196 (7906) Insecticidal_._..-.---..----.--------- 1217 (7963), 1239 (8018) Insulating....---.------------------ eee eee 1212 (7948) Medicinal, therapeutic, remedial and healthful___-_-- 1177, 1181, 1184, (7870), 1184 (7871), 1185 (78738) 1186 (7875), 1186 (7876), 1197 (7912), 1206 (7934), 1209 (7942), 1210 (7945), 1217 (7964), 1217 (7965), 1218 (7967), 1219 (7970), 1221 (7974), 1222 (7975), 1224 (7980), 1226 (7986), 1227 (7988), 1228 (7989), 1231 (7997), 1232 (8001), 1234 (8007), 1239 (8019), 1241 (8024). Moth proofing....--.----------------- 1203 (7926), 1209 (7941) Nonirritating.-.......-.-----.------------------- 1193 (7897) Nutritive__..._.-.... 1177, 1184 (7871), 1206 (7934), 1217 (7965) Preventive._....._-_----------------.----------------- 1181, 1184 (7870), 1184 (7871), 1186 (7875), 1194 (7902), 1199 (7916), 1206 (7934), 1218 (7967), 1219 (7970), 1227 (7987), 1228 (7989), 1241 (8024).

Protective.....-...-.--.------------------------------ 1177 Reducing._.___.--_------------------------------ 1221 (7974) Renewing, restoring.........---------- 1187 (7880), 1194 (7901), 1194 (7902), 1209 (7941), 1242 (8026) Shockproof_.___.--..---.------------- 1223 (7977), 1226 (7985) Stain removing_._.._..-.------------------------- 1189 (7886) Water-proofing...___._---------------- 1186, (7877), 1198 (7915), 1212 (7948), 1223 (7977), 1226 (7985), 1241 (8024) Wrinkle-proof or resistant....-.-------- 1188 (7882), 1201 (7921) Quality.-..------ 1218 (7966), 1219 (7969), 1220 (7973), 1226 (7985) Colorfast.....-.--------------------------------- 1220 (7972) “14K? eee eee 1204 (7928) Quantity._-_.--------------------------------------- 1220 (7972) Refunds.......----------.-------.---------- Lene nee 1210 (7948) Reproductions _--_-----.--.-------------------------- 1228 (7978) Results._.......----.- 2-2 eee 1236 (8011) Safety of product.._-----.---------------- 1187 (7880), 1189 (7886), 1189: (7887), 1217 (7963), 1240 (8021), 1240 (8022) Sample conformance__.......------------------------- 1285 (8008) Scientific or relevant facts.__._.._.._.-..---------------------- 1177, 1181, 1200 (7920), 1201 (7922), 1218 (7951), 1214 (7955), 1217 (7963), 1221 (7974), 1223 (7978), 1228 (7989), 1228 (7991), 1230 (7995), 1235 (8010), 1238 (8016), 1241, (8024).

Size or development.-......-------------------------- 1204 (7929) STIPULATIONS Page Advertising falsely or misleadingly—Continued As to—Continued Source or origin of product— History...----.---------------------- eee 1191 (7892) Maker...---_------------------------ 1211 (7946), 1215 (7959) Place_.------- 1188 (7884), 1206 (7932), 1206 (7933), 1223 (7978) Foreign... 1191 (7893), 1202 (7925), 1218 (7952), 1225 (7981) War surplus. .__-------------- eee 1226 (7985) Special or limited offers.-.-..---.------.... 1214 (7956), 1220 (7972) Standard conformance— Federal Trade Commission. ....-.----2-.-------_-- 1223 (7977) Success, use or standing of product— , Dionne Quintuplets__.-.----.....------ 2-2 eee 1177 Hospitals_......_..-------------------- eee ee 1210 (7945) Surety bond protection_..-.-----------------.-.------ 1196 (7906) Terms and conditions._._____... 1204 (7929), 1210 (7943), 1228 (7989) Tests.__--_.-----.----------. 1222 (7976), 1223 (7978), 1242 (8027) State Government_.____-.--.-_------ 2-2 ee 1207 (7937) Tube capacity. ...-..---.---------------------- 1226 (7984) Unique nature or advantages of product__._.. 1177, 1187 (7880), 1215 (7958), 1218 (7967), 1234 (8007), 1237 (8015) Value of product__------------------------ 1205 (7930), 1220 (7972) Assuming or using misleading trade or corporate name: As to— Correspondence school being college____......._.___---- 1207 (7935) Correspondence school being institute..._.__ 1202 (7924), 1211 (7947) Dealer being— Laboratory_------------------------- eee 1242 (8028) Manufacturer___..-..--.------.------- 2-2 eee 1215 (7958) Nursery....--.------------------------ +e 1204 (7929) Refiner_.___..-.--.----------_.- 2 eee 1232 (8000) Manufacture or preparation of product— “Handloomed”_-.-._----------------- ee ee 1209 (7940) Private business being— Association. ......-------.---------- eee 1192 (7895) Institute........-------..------ eee 1197 (7918) Source or origin of product— .

Place— Foreign.----.----.-.--------------- eee ee _ 1213 (7952) Claiming or using indorsements or testimonials falsely or misleadingly: As to or from— Aleohol Tax Unit_...- 2-2 eee 1200 (7920) “Beauty Specialists”_.-....--....--------------_--- ee 1177 Churches and educators.___..-.------------_---------e 1207 (7935) Doctors...-..-.-------------------- eee 1183 Hospitals__.-..-.---- eee eee eee 1210 (7945) Laboratory.._...--------------------------- eee 1222 (7976) Medical Association....-.-_--..-...-.-------------------- ee 1181 Municipalities or states.---..----.--------.------------ 1199 (7917) Physicians in general_..-...._.-.---------------------- 1238 (8016) Professional users.......-..------------- eee eee eee ee 1177 STIPULATIONS Page ‘Claiming or using indorsements or testimonials falsely or misleadingly—Cont. As to or from—Continued Red Cross.____--_----------------------- eee 1288 (8017) State Governments__.---..---------------------------- 1193 (7898) U.S. Government______.------------------ 1205 (7931), 1231 (7996) Disparaging or misrepresenting competitors or their products: As to— Manufacture_....----------------- nee 1237 (8014) Products— Performance._...---.-~------- anne eee eee 1237 (8014) Quality.......-.-..--------.----- ee 1200 (7920) Safety_-..-.----.---------- eee eee 1181, 1194 (7902) Scientific or relevant facts..........._..-_--------- 1230 (7995) Quality........-..._---------------------------ee 1228 (7991) Results_...._.--------------------------- eee ee 1237 (8015) Misbranding or mislabeling:

As to— Composition of product..-...-. 1219 (7969), 1225 (7983), 1233 (8003) “Gold” _--__.------------------------------------ 1208 (7939) Wool Products Labeling Act.--........---.-------- 1223 (7979) Domestic products being imported -1191 (7893), 1220 (7971), 1225 (7981) Manufacture or preparation___-----..------- 1208 (7927), 1225 (7988) Nature of product.-....------------------------------ 1233 (8003) By symbols_.__..-...--------------------------------- 1181 Qualities, properties or results of product— Medicinal_.._--.__.-.--.-------___-.------.-+-.-- 1227 (7987) Quality....--------.-2-------- 1203 (7927), 1219 (7969), 1225 (7983) 644 KP? eee eee eee eee eee 1204 (7928) Source— Place........------------------ eee 1206 (7932) Foreign....-_--..--------------- 1220 (7971), 1225.(7981) Misrepresenting business status, advantages or connections: As to— Accreditation. ....__...---.-------------------------- 1207 (7935) Correspondence school being college--------.------------ ' 1207 (7935) Correspondence schoo! being institute-_..-.-.--.-------~ 1191 (7891), 1202 (7924), 1211 (7947) Dealer being— Importer or exporter. ----------------- 1199 (7917), 1228 (7991) Laboratory__..-.--1----------------------------- 1242 (8028) Manufacturer__.-_.-------- Leen eee eee eee eee eee 1190 (7888), 1190 (7889), 1215 (7958), 1229 (7992), 1229 (7993) Nursery__-.------------------------------------ 1204 (7929) Refiner__...------------------------------------- 1232 (8000) Licensed by State Government._._--------------------- 1207 (7937) Local branches_...--_-------------------------------- 1210 (7948) Manufacture or preparation of product— “Handloomed”’__.._-_..------------------------+- 1209 (7940) va STIPULATIONS Page Misrepresenting business status, advantages or connections—Con. Organization_._.------------~------------------------ 1207 (7936) Personnel or staff_..._-.------- 1202 (7924), 1207 (7935), 1235 (8010) Private business being— Association.__...-_..------------------------- eee 1192 (7895): Producer status— Diamond cutters__._.-:------.--.---------------- 1228 (7991) Qualifications__---.---.------------------------------ 1211 (7947) Regional branches__---------------------------------- 1211 (7947) Size and importance-__.-.---------------------------- 1208 (7939) Source— Place— Foreign....------.-------------------------- 1213 (7952): Misrepresenting prices:

as to-—— Comparative charges_-_.--.---------------- 1190 (7890), 1235 (8010) Ceiling___..----------------------------------------- 1211 (7947) Exaggerated, fictitious being regular_._..__..----------- 1200 (7918), 1226 (7985), 1239 (8020) Retail being wholesale__.._---.------------------------ 1226 (7985) Usual being special reduced.......-.--------~---------- 1214 (7954) Neglecting, unfairly or deceptively, to make material disclosure: as to— Composition of product.--...------------------------- 1218 (7966) Rayon___---------------------------- 1201 (7921), 1239 (8020) Wool Products Labeling Act_._--.-----.-.---------- 1223 (7979) New appearing product being old_._...----------------- 1220 (7973) Safety of product... 1228 (7990), 1231 (7998), 1232 (7999), 1242 (8028) Scientific and relevant facts._._..---------- 1213 (7951), 1214 (7955) Seconds, rejects, etc__._-.----------------------------- 1201 (7921). Offering deceptive inducements to purchase: Through representing or offering, falsely or misleadingly Guarantees_._.-..---.------------------- -. 1182 (3894), 1223 (7977) Opportunities___...----------- 1191 (7891), 1205 (7930), 1211 (7947) Order conformance___....------.--------------------- 1204 (7929) Refunds, etc_..--_------------------------------------ 1210 (7943) Sample, offer or order conformance.-....--------------- 1235 (8008) Special or limited offers__.._-.------------------------ 1214 (7956) Surety bond protection__..---------------------------- 1196 (7906) Terms and conditions..-------- 1204 (7929), 1210 (7943), 1228 (7989) Publishing, improperly, confidential or restricted governmental matter...__.------------------------ n-ne 1205 (7931) Unfair methods of competition, etc., condemned in this volume. See— Advertising falsely or misleadingly.

Assuming or using misleading trade or corporate name. Claiming or using indorsements or testimonials falsely or misleadingly. Disparaging or misrepresenting competitors or their products. Misbranding or mislabeling.

Misrepresenting business status, advantages or connections. Misrepresenting prices.

Neglecting, unfairly or deceptively, to make material disclosure. INDEX 15389 STIPULATIONS Page Unfair methods of competition, etc., condemned in this volume—Con. Offering deceptive inducements to purchase. . Publishing, improperly, confidential or restricted government matter. Using misleading product name or title.

Using or selling lottery schemes or devices in merchandising. Using misleading product name or title:

As to— Composition__.__- 1189 (7885), 1192 (7896), 1202 (7925), 1212 (7948), 1212 (7950), 1218 (7968), 1221 (7974), 1283 (8003), 1234 (8006) Domestic product being imported_.___--___- “1191 (7893), 1225 (7981) Durability or permanence_...___....-.-.---.---------_- 1210 (7944) History. .-_--------..------ eee 1201 (7922) Indorsement— Red Cross.____-.-----.------------------------ 1238 (8017) Manufacture or preparation.__.........___--------_-__- 1203 (7927) Nature__.___ 1181, 1192 (7896), 1197 (7911), 1204 (7928), 1216 (7962), 1218 (7968), 1233 (8003), 1234 (8006) Qualities— Medicinal______....-----2--- 2 eee eee 1227 (7987) Moth proofing........-------.-----.-------_----_e 1203 (7926) Quality. .-.-------- eee eee 1203 (7927) Source— Place_..__--------------------- 21 e 1188 (7884), 1206 (7982) Foreign... 1191 (7893), 1202 (7925), 1213 (7952), 1225 (7981) Using or selling lottery schemes or devices in merchandising _______- 1193 (7988), 1194 (7900), 1198 (7914), 1202 (7923), 1215 (7957), 1216 (7960), 1236 (8012), 1240 (8028).

O ALLIED RADIO CORP. 215 Syllabus